- picture scroll
- before this; before then; previously
- to step across; step over
- very long; endless
- wide; vast
- sages of the past; worthy predecessors
- sacrificial victim; sb who is expendable; item sold at a loss
- god of fire
- (idiom) to act without taking time to think; to react instantly; to fire from the hip
- belly; abdomen; stomach; CL:個|个[ge4]
- crematorium
- to believe firmly; without any doubt
- 布道 bù dào: 布道 bu4 dao4: sermon; to sermonize; to preach; to evangelize布道 bù dào: 布道 bu4 dao4: to preach (the Christian gospel)
- or; either one or the other
- candid; direct and to the point; simply; just; might as well
- to cycle; to circulate; circle; loop
- period; cycle
- with this; thereby; thus; because of this
- historical point of view; historically speaking
- resemblance; similarity
- surface; face; outside; appearance
- commentary and subcommentary (of a book)
- to invade
- Napoleon (name); Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821), Emperor of France 1804-1815
- Ottoman Empire (1299–1922)
- first round or stage (of a match, election, talks, planned policy etc)
- to guess; to conjecture; to surmise
- defense; to defend
- facilities; installation
- Crete
- to cause; to result in
- north; the northern part a country; China north of the Yellow River
- blood; (fig.) lifeblood
- to decline; to die out; decline and fall
- to sink into (vice, depravity etc); to pass into oblivion; downfall; passing
- to revive; to rejuvenate
- to spread; to circulate; to hand down
- crisis
- it would appear; it seems (that)
- peace and prosperity (idiom)
- friction; rubbing; chafing; fig. disharmony; conflict; also written 磨擦