- roundabout route; circuitous; tortuous; to outflank; indirect; roundabout
- to look closely at; to examine
- attitude (of the heart); state of one's psyche; way of thinking; mentality
- all of a sudden; hurriedly
- to advance prematurely
- most recent in the past; recent; late; recently
- vast; extensive
- to capture; to seize; to occupy by force
- numerous
- fifth
- to halt; to break off; pause (in speech)
- to decline; to wane; to decay; to deteriorate
- shortage
- main point; essential
- teaching materials
- American Indians
- the Old World; Eurasia as opposed to the New World 新大陸|新大陆[xin1 da4 lu4] or the Americas
- to evolve; evolution
- to cut into; to penetrate deeply into (a topic, area etc); (sports) (soccer etc) to penetrate (the defenses of the opposing team); (cinema) to cut (to the next scene)
- Islam
- Cristóbal Colón or Christopher Columbus (1451-1506); Columbus, capital of Ohio
- to show clearly; to designate; to indicate
- to place in; to put in (a position)
- to suffer from (a disadvantage)
- to begin (with ...) (typically used in a structure such as 從|从[cong2] + {noun} + 入手[ru4 shou3]: "to begin with {noun}; to take {noun} as one's starting point"); to receive; to obtain; to buy
- 三 sān: 三 san1: three; 3三 Sān: 三 San1: surname San
- (idiom) matchless; without equal; there is nothing better
- University of California
- biologist
- shape; form; pattern; morphology
- ethnic group; community
- to concentrate on the main points (idiom); to bring out the essentials
- 土 Tǔ: 土 Tu3: surname Tu; Tu ethnic group土 tǔ: 土 tu3: earth; dust; clay; local; indigenous; crude opium; unsophisticated; one of the eight categories of ancient musical instruments 八音[ba1 yin1]