- medieval; Middle Ages
- Europe (abbr. for 歐羅巴洲|欧罗巴洲[Ou1 luo2 ba1 Zhou1])
- North America
- to learn; to study
- 东西 dōng xi: 东西 dong1 xi5: thing; stuff; person; CL:個|个[ge4],件[jian4]东西 dōng xī: 东西 dong1 xi1: east and west
- lofty ideals; noble aspirations
- to arrive; to come
- Cornell University
- to begin; beginning; to start; initial; CL:個|个[ge4]
- doctor (as an academic degree); (old) person specialized in a skill or trade; (old) court academician
- career; life (way in which sb lives); period of one's life
- White (name)
- to thumb through; to flip through (a book)
- front; forward; ahead; first; top (followed by a number); future; ago; before; BC (e.g. 前293年); former; formerly
- opportunity; turning point
- from now on; since then; henceforth
- to shed one's mortal body and exchange one's bones (idiom); born again Daoist; to turn over a new leaf; fig. to change wholly; to create from other material (story, artwork etc)
- fascinating; enchanting; charming; tempting
- hypothesis
- to lead to; to trigger; to initiate; to cause; to evoke (emotions)
- (physics) to resonate; resonance; sympathetic response
- now; this moment
- bleak; desolate; (economics) in a slump; sluggish; depressed
- (lit. and fig.) shadow; CL:道[dao4]
- not yet; still not
- thorough; thoroughly; complete
- to dissipate
- World War Two
- already
- to comprise; to include; to involve; to incorporate; to consist of
- (included) in it; among them
- to doubt (sth); to be skeptical of; to have one's doubts; to harbor suspicions; to suspect that
- should; ought to; probably; must be; to deserve; to owe; to be sb's turn to do sth; that; the above-mentioned
- category
- legitimacy
- to call into question; to challenge (the truth or validity of)
- to foreordain; to be bound to; to be destined to; to be doomed to; inevitably
- direction; strike (i.e. angle of inclination in geology); inclination; trend; to move towards; to head for
- apart from this; in addition to this
- to reveal; to display; to show; to exhibit
- erudite; profound; learned; extremely knowledgeable
- erudition; scholarly knowledge
- to shock; to astonish