- pre-Qin, Chinese history up to the foundation of the Qin imperial dynasty in 221 BC
- flexible; accommodating
- Mencius (c. 372-c. 289 BC), Confucian philosopher second only to Confucius; book of the same name, one of the classics of Confucianism
- Xunzi, (c. 310-237 BC), Confucian philosopher; the Xunzi, a collection of philosophical writings attributed to Xunzi
- divergent; side road
- the theory of Mencius that people are by nature good
- held high; elevated; uplift; soaring
- accomplishment; training; self-cultivation
- benevolent policy; humane government
- idea; thought
- to concretize
- human relationship; order; coherence
- relatively speaking; comparatively speaking
- to promote (to a higher-ranking position); to lift; to hoist; (fig.) to elevate; to raise; to improve
- each; respective; apiece
- (bound form) to compare; (literary) to dispute; compared to; (before an adjective) relatively; comparatively; rather; also pr. [jiao3]
- a characteristic; a distinctive feature or quality
- exceptionally; not one's responsibility or job
- prominent; outstanding; to give prominence to; to protrude; to project
- function
- Dong Zhongshu (179-104 BC), philosopher influential in establishing Confucianism as the established system of values of former Han dynasty
- to have priority; to take precedence
- optimum; optimal; peak; best (athlete, movie etc)
- to esteem; to think highly of; to accord importance to; to revere
- interesting; fascinating; amusing
- raw silk; white; plain, unadorned; vegetarian (food); essence; nature; element; constituent; usually; always; ever
- appearance; facial features; look
- peak; pinnacle; ultimate
- sage ruler
- to rise; to go up; to ascend
- to block (a road); to plug (a hole); to stop up
- to encourage; to foster; to foment
- on-site operations (e.g. surveying)
- local
- (bound form) society; organization; agency; (old) god of the land
- barn; granary; storehouse; cabin; hold (in ship)
- 约 yuē: 约 yue1: to make an appointment; to invite; approximately; pact; treaty; to economize; to restrict; to reduce (a fraction); concise约 yāo: 约 yao1: to weigh in a balance or on a scale
- and so on; and such
- to study the underlying principle to acquire knowledge (abbr. for 格物致知[ge2 wu4 zhi4 zhi1]); word for Western natural sciences during late Qing
- series; set
- 环 Huán: 环 Huan2: surname Huan环 huán: 环 huan2: ring; hoop; loop; (chain) link; classifier for scores in archery etc; to surround; to encircle; to hem in
- 明 Míng: 明 Ming2: Ming Dynasty (1368–1644); surname Ming; Ming (c. 2000 BC), fourth of the legendary Flame Emperors, 炎帝[Yan2 di4] descended from Shennong 神農|神农[Shen2 nong2] Farmer God明 míng: 明 ming2: bright; opposite: dark 暗[an4]; (of meaning) clear; to understand; next; public or open; wise; generic term for a sacrifice to the gods