- to make excuses; to give an excuse (for not doing something)
- ambassador; envoy; CL:名[ming2],位[wei4]
- to refuse politely
- Minister of Education; Director of Education Department
- committee member
- to invite; to request; to intercept; to solicit; to seek
- how many times; several times; how many degrees (in terms of temperature or angle); several degrees; to what degree; to what extent
- the Spring and Autumn (770-476 BC) and Warring States (475-221 BC) periods
- rites and music are in ruins (idiom); fig. society in total disarray; cf. 禮樂|礼乐[li3 yue4]
- aspect; phase; situation
- to break through; to make a breakthrough; to surmount (an obstacle); (sports) to break through the opponent's defense
- "the four classes" of ancient China, i.e. scholars, farmers, artisans, and merchants
- to run; to rush about; to be on the go
- Qi state of Western Zhou and the Warring states (1122-265 BC), centered in Shandong
- bachelor's degree; person holding a university degree
- to comment on; to discuss; to suggest
- 大夫 dài fu: 大夫 dai4 fu5: doctor; physician大夫 dà fū: 大夫 da4 fu1: senior official (in imperial China)
- to repeal (a law); to put an end to; abolition; annulled
- again; twice; (music) second (i.e. an interval between adjacent notes)
- (idiom) (of a principle, purpose etc) consistently upheld; adhered to from beginning to end
- to be involved in politics; participation in politics
- one kind of; one type of
- party member
- to recognize; to know; to admit
- policy; CL:個|个[ge4]
- to lean on; to rest against; to rely on; support; backing; back of a chair
- ready-made; readily available
- moral (of a story); lesson to be learned; implication; message; import; metaphorical meaning
- group; organization; team; CL:個|个[ge4]
- strategic decision; decision-making; policy decision; to determine policy
- of no avail; not helping in the least
- violent; to rape
- to come to the surface; to become apparent
- to intensify; to become acute; to come to a head