- symbol; indicator; representation
- organism; living creature; life form; biological; CL:個|个[ge4]
- essence; nature; innate character; intrinsic quality
- world view; conception of the universe
- Mikolaj Kopernik or Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543), Polish astronomer, mathematician and polymath
- countless; numberless; innumerable
- origin; source
- to assign; to entrust (a task); to give; to bestow
- to be absent
- (acknowledged) place; a role to play; niche
- Western Zhou (1027-771 BC)
- core (of a fruit); (fig.) the essence (of a concept or doctrine etc); (geology) inner core; (computing) kernel
- old name for China; Cathay
- identical; the same
- loudly; with a loud bang; a loud rumble
- 汪 wāng: 汪 wang1: expanse of water; ooze; (onom.) bark; classifier for liquids: pool, puddle汪 Wāng: 汪 Wang1: surname Wang
- sunshine; to shine upon
- to come in
- natural selection
- to strike a pose (Chinese opera); (fig.) to make a public appearance; to come out in public (revealing one's true personality, opinions etc); (of a product) to appear on the market or at a trade show etc
- wide; vast
- drum; CL:通[tong4],面[mian4]; to drum; to strike; to rouse; to bulge; to swell
- narrow
- physical strength; physical power
- to cover; to comprise; to include
- motive power; (fig.) motivation; impetus
- daily renewal, monthly change (idiom); every day sees new developments; rapid progress
- hurricane; violent reform or revolution; violent movement or force
- modernity
- fact; CL:個|个[ge4]
- in other words; that is to say; so; thus
- physics; physical; relating to the material world
- conclusion; verdict; CL:個|个[ge4]; to conclude; to reach a verdict
- to give; to impose; to apply
- Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860), German post-Kantian philosopher
- bold; open-minded; heroic