- old name of Kaifeng 開封|开封[Kai1 feng1]
- the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127)
- magistrate; prefect
- Bao Zheng (999-1062), Northern Song official renowned for his honesty; modern day metaphor for an honest politician
- (idiom) to rid the people of a scourge
- Lord Bao or Judge Bao, fictional nickname of Bao Zheng 包拯[Bao1 Zheng3] (999-1062), Northern Song official renowned for his honesty
- calamity
- historian
- to own exclusively; unique to; specific; there is only
- ancient cooking cauldron with two looped handles and three or four legs; pot (dialect); to enter upon a period of (classical); Kangxi radical 206; one of the 64 hexagrams of the Book of Changes
- to commemorate; to recall fondly; to think of the past
- to train; to breed
- crystal
- timeline; chronology; annals; financial year; year
- the Rites of Zhou (in Confucianism)
- philosophy of idealism, the doctrine that external reality is a product of consciousness
- Guangming Daily, a Beijing newspaper
- thou
- 龙 Lóng: 龙 Long2: surname Long龙 lóng: 龙 long2: Chinese dragon; loong; (fig.) emperor; dragon; (bound form) dinosaur
- fragrant grass
- to express; to disclose; to enlighten; to open
- Silkworms in Spring (1933), Chinese silent movie in socialist realist style, based on novel by Mao Dun 茅盾[Mao2 Dun4]
- (of spiders, caterpillars, silkworms etc) to extrude silk
- scenery in the distance; long-term prospects; (photography) long shot
- 维 Wéi: 维 Wei2: abbr. for Uighur 維吾爾|维吾尔[Wei2 wu2 er3]; surname Wei维 wéi: 维 wei2: to preserve; to maintain; to hold together; dimension; vitamin (abbr. for 維生素|维生素[wei2 sheng1 su4])
- red; pellet; powder; cinnabar
- 姜 Jiāng: 姜 Jiang1: surname Jiang姜 jiāng: 姜 jiang1: ginger
- (bound form) to increase; to augment; to add to
- preface; foreword; introduction; preamble; earlier remarks; earlier words; (literary) words of the ancient thinkers
- practice in which a novice monk is shouted at or hit with a stick with the purpose of bringing about instant awakening (Buddhism); to rebuke sternly