- historic
- Asia (abbr. for 亞細亞洲|亚细亚洲[Ya4 xi4 ya4 Zhou1])
- Africa; abbr. for 阿非利加洲[A1 fei1 li4 jia1 Zhou1]
- lengthy (report or speech)
- since the beginning of history
- colored races
- intercontinental
- to be rooted to; to take root in
- set at; scheduled at
- aboriginal
- to discriminate against; discrimination
- hostile; malevolence; antagonism; to view as enemy; to stand against
- different kind (sometimes with a connotation of strangeness or eccentricity)
- to be suspicious and jealous of
- to trade; to carry out commercial activities; in business
- substantial; robust; ample; abundant
- importation and exportation; import-export; access point; opening that serves as an entrance or exit
- (commercial) trade; CL:個|个[ge4]
- to retail; to sell individually or in small quantities
- middle class
- nationalism; national self-determination; principle of nationalism, the first of Dr Sun Yat-sen's 孫中山|孙中山 Three Principles of the People 三民主義|三民主义 (at the time, meaning parity between China and the great powers); racism
- domain; sphere; field; territory; area
- to expand; to inflate; to swell
- remnant; relic; residue; vestige; surplus; to remain; to leave surplus
- radical; extreme; extremist
- to enact laws; to legislate; legislation
- to reject; to exclude; to eliminate; to remove; to repel
- (idiom) one after another; in quick succession
- to break out (of disease etc); to suddenly get rich (or prominent)
- wave; tides
- store; shop; CL:家[jia1]
- to loot; looting
- to crowd out; to push aside; to supplant
- public opinion
- exploiter (of labor)
- 沙 shā: 沙 sha1: granule; hoarse; raspy; sand; powder; CL:粒[li4]; abbr. for Tsar or Tsarist Russia沙 shà: 沙 sha4: (dialect) to sift; to sieve沙 Shā: 沙 Sha1: surname Sha
- powerful
- to classify; to categorize
- indigenous peoples; aborigine