- everyone
- to kowtow (traditional greeting, esp. to a superior, involving kneeling and pressing one's forehead to the ground); also written 磕頭|磕头[ke1 tou2]
- corvee; laborer
- to leap; to jump; eager; enthusiastically
- gullible; easily bullied; weak
- person of low social status (old); I, me (used to refer humbly to oneself); nasty person; vile character
- art of war; military strategy and tactics
- again and again; repeatedly
- always
- to rarely have; rare
- trick; ruse; crafty scheme
- according to; basis; foundation
- (phonetic); crafty
- military situation; military intelligence
- displaying strength and discipline; impressive; upright and frank; square
- upright gentleman; man of honor
- to promote sex and violence; to stir up lust and covetousness
- to misguide; to corrupt (sb)
- strong; forceful
- to lead troops
- a general or admiral
- military exercise; army drill
- tripod head
- often; constantly
- literati; scholar
- lit. success and failure, the gains and losses (idiom); fig. to weigh up various factors
- to be precisely the same; to be no different
- to recount history but omit one's ancestors (idiom); to forget one's roots
- disgraceful (of behavior that is unfilial, rebellious or otherwise in grave breach of the norms of society)
- posthumous title of Nurhaci 努爾哈赤|努尔哈赤[Nu3 er3 ha1 chi4] (1559-1626), founder and first Khan of the Manchu Later Jin dynasty 後金|后金[Hou4 Jin1] (from 1616)
- Nurhaci (1559-1626), founder and first Khan of the Manchu Later Jin dynasty 後金|后金[Hou4 Jin1] (from 1616)
- 戮 lù: 戮 lu4: to peel with a knife戮 lù: 戮 lu4: (bound form) to kill
- Hong Taiji (1592-1643), eighth son of Nurhaci 努爾哈赤|努尔哈赤[Nu3 er3 ha1 chi4], reigned 1626-1636 as Second Khan of Later Jin dynasty 後金|后金[Hou4 Jin1], then founded the Qing dynasty 大清[Da4 Qing1] and reigned 1636-1643 as Emperor; posthumous name 清太宗[Qing1 Tai4 zong1]
- to found a country
- to topple (i.e. knock over); to capsize; fig. to overturn (a regime, by plotting or subversion); to undermine; to subvert