- literature and art
- youth; youthful years; young person; the young
- many times; on more than one occasion
- to recall; memories; CL:個|个[ge4]
- chest; heart; mind
- (idiom) reckoned to be best or second best; one of the very best; (idiom) to list one by one
- your humble servant; I
- to admire
- to have confidence in oneself; self-confidence
- (idiom) to display one's facility with words; to show off one's literary skills; (original meaning) to pervert the law by playing with legal phraseology (墨[mo4] was a reference to 繩墨|绳墨[sheng2 mo4])
- future; tomorrow; CL:個|个[ge4]; approaching; coming; pending
- worth seeing; considerable; impressive; significant
- not necessarily; maybe not
- to take an official post; to become a government employee
- position; post; job
- more and more
- to enlist; to serve in the army
- to fight a battle; to go to war
- danger; dangerous; rugged
- to reach; to achieve; to attain
- horizontal; level; a standard; a level (of ability, development etc)
- system (e.g. political, adminstrative etc); institution; CL:個|个[ge4]
- choice of person; candidate
- 古 Gǔ: 古 Gu3: surname Gu古 gǔ: 古 gu3: ancient; old; paleo-
- Xu Shen (-147) the compiler of the original Han dynasty dictionary Shuowen Jiezi 說文解字|说文解字[Shuo1 wen2 Jie3 zi4]
- Shuowen Jiezi, the earliest systematic Chinese character dictionary, compiled by Xu Shen 許慎|许慎[Xu3 Shen4] in the Eastern Han dynasty (2nd century), containing 10,516 entries
- Zheng Xuan (127-200), late Han scholar
- to annotate (ancient texts); commentaries
- sinologist; scholar of Chinese
- the Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD)
- 杜 Dù: 杜 Du4: surname Du杜 dù: 杜 du4: birchleaf pear (tree); to stop; to prevent; to restrict
- (bound form) to bless; to protect
- to weave; to plait; to organize; to group; to arrange; to edit; to compile; to write; to compose; to fabricate; to make up
- to separate; to partition; to stand or lie between; at a distance from; after or at an interval of
- Gu Yanwu (1613-1682), late Ming and early Qing Confucian philosopher, linguist and historian, played a founding role in phonology of early Chinese, author of Rizhilu or Record of daily study 日知錄|日知录
- to attach importance to sth; to value
- historiography
- surname Qin; Qin dynasty (221–207 BC) of the first emperor 秦始皇[Qin2 Shi3 huang2]; short name for 陝西|陕西[Shan3 xi1]
- Coumarouna odorata
- 田 Tián: 田 Tian2: surname Tian田 tián: 田 tian2: field; farm; CL:片[pian4]