- cause; reason; karma; fate; predestined affinity; margin; hem; edge; along
- scattered about like stars in the sky or chess pieces on a board (idiom); spread all over the place
- soil
- volcano
- composition; ingredient; element; component; one's social status
- to follow; from; because of; due to; by; via; through; (before a noun and a verb) it is for ... to ...
- quartz
- to form; to make up; to constitute
- mixed; miscellaneous; various; to mix
- 以 yǐ: 以 yi3: to use; by means of; according to; in order to; because of; at (a certain date or place)以 Yǐ: 以 Yi3: abbr. for Israel 以色列[Yi3 se4 lie4]
- stone; rock
- summer
- to come; (used as a substitute for a more specific verb); hither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker, as in 回來|回来[hui2 lai5]); ever since (as in 自古以來|自古以来[zi4 gu3 yi3 lai2]); for the past (amount of time); (prefix) the coming ...; the next ... (as in 來世|来世[lai2 shi4]); (between two verbs) in order to; (after a round number) approximately; (used after 得[de2] to indicate possibility, as in 談得來|谈得来[tan2 de5 lai2], or after 不[bu4] to indicate impossibility, as in 吃不來|吃不来[chi1 bu5 lai2])
- as the time draws near; at the last moment; temporary; interim; ad hoc
- 长 cháng: 长 chang2: long; (bound form) length; (bound form) strong point; forte; (bound form) to be good at; (literary) surplus; spare (Taiwan pr. [zhang4])长 zhǎng: 长 zhang3: chief; head; elder; to grow; to develop; to increase; to enhance
- dark green
- moss
- ash-colored
- lichen
- each; every
- 种 zhòng: 种 zhong4: to plant; to grow; to cultivate种 zhǒng: 种 zhong3: seed; species; kind; type; classifier for types, kinds, sorts
- Phanerogamae (botany); flowering plants
- healthy and strong; sturdy; thriving; vigorous; robust; flourishing
- 刺 cī: 刺 ci1: (onom.) whoosh刺 cì: 刺 ci4: thorn; sting; thrust; to prick; to pierce; to stab; to assassinate; to murder
- only have ...; there is only ...; (used in combination with 才[cai2]) it is only if ... (that one can ...) (as in 只有通過治療才能痊愈|只有通过治疗才能痊愈[zhi3 you3 tong1 guo4 zhi4 liao2 cai2 neng2 quan2 yu4] "the only way to cure it is with therapy"); it is only (someone) who ... (as in 只有男性才有此需要[zhi3 you3 nan2 xing4 cai2 you3 ci3 xu1 yao4] "only men would have such a requirement"); (used to express lack of alternatives) can only; have no choice but to (as in 只有屈服[zhi3 you3 qu1 fu2] "the only thing you can do is give in")
- bush; shrub
- to grow; to grow up; to be brought up
- flavor; taste; (fig.) feeling (of ...); sense (of ...); hint (of ...); (fig.) interest; delight; (dialect) smell; odor
- extremely; exceedingly
- bitter and astringent; pained; agonized
- cabbage; Chinese broccoli; gai larn
- any; whatever; whichever
- country; nation
- 里 lǐ: 里 li3: lining; interior; inside; internal; also written 裏|里[li3]里 Lǐ: 里 Li3: Li (surname)里 lǐ: 里 li3: li, ancient measure of length, approx. 500 m; neighborhood; ancient administrative unit of 25 families; (Tw) borough, administrative unit between the township 鎮|镇[zhen4] and neighborhood 鄰|邻[lin2] levels
- 都 dū: 都 du1: capital city; metropolis都 Dū: 都 Du1: surname Du都 dōu: 都 dou1: all; both; entirely; (used for emphasis) even; already; (not) at all
- unable to; incapable of
- to find
- is precisely
- to fit; to suit
- giant; enormous
- penguin
- maybe; perhaps; might; possibly; or
- group; crowd; flock, herd, pack etc
- 栖 qī: 栖 qi1: to perch; to rest (of birds); to dwell; to live; to stay栖 xī: 栖 xi1: used in 棲棲|栖栖[xi1 xi1]
- 地方 dì fang: 地方 di4 fang5: place; location; area; space; territory; aspect; part; CL:處|处[chu4]地方 dì fāng: 地方 di4 fang1: region; regional (away from the central administration); local
- countless; numberless; innumerable
- to live together (in a large group or flock)
- sea area; territorial waters; maritime space