- they; them
- full of; brimming with; very full; permeated
- foreign country; alien land
- mien; bearing; grace; amorous feelings; flirtatious expressions; local conditions and customs; wind force, direction etc
- century
- mid- (e.g. mid-century); middle period
- 当 dāng: 当 dang1: (onom.) dong; ding dong (bell)当 dàng: 当 dang4: at or in the very same...; suitable; adequate; fitting; proper; to replace; to regard as; to think; to pawn; (coll.) to fail (a student)当 dāng: 当 dang1: to be; to act as; manage; withstand; when; during; ought; should; match equally; equal; same; obstruct; just at (a time or place); on the spot; right; just at
- to partition; to divide up
- seat; base; stand; (bound form) constellation; (archaic) suffix used in a respectful form of address (e.g. 師座|师座[shi1 zuo4]); classifier for large immovable objects such as buildings, mountains, bridges etc
- and; as well as; and so; but (not); yet (not); (indicates causal relation); (indicates change of state); (indicates contrast)
- to rule; to govern; to manage; to control; to harness (a river); to treat (a disease); to wipe out (a pest); to punish; to research
- 时 Shí: 时 Shi2: surname Shi时 shí: 时 shi2: o'clock; time; when; hour; season; period
- Frenchman; French person
- foreign concession, an enclave occupied by a foreign power (in China in the 19th and 20th centuries)
- 种 zhǒng: 种 zhong3: seed; species; kind; type; classifier for types, kinds, sorts种 zhòng: 种 zhong4: to plant; to grow; to cultivate
- wutong (Firmiana platanifolia); Chinese parasol tree
- almost; nearly; close to
- 后 hòu: 后 hou4: empress; queen; (archaic) monarch; ruler后 Hòu: 后 Hou4: surname Hou后 hòu: 后 hou4: back; behind; rear; afterwards; after; later; post-
- tree; CL:棵[ke1]; to cultivate; to set up
- to leave behind; to stay behind; to remain; to keep; not to let (sb) go
- Japan
- 曾 Zēng: 曾 Zeng1: surname Zeng曾 céng: 曾 ceng2: once; already; ever (in the past); former; previously; (past tense marker used before verb or clause)曾 zēng: 曾 zeng1: great- (grandfather, grandchild etc)
- to bomb; to bombard; CL:波[bo1],輪|轮[lun2]
- 并 bìng: 并 bing4: and; furthermore; also; together with; (not) at all; simultaneously; to combine; to join; to merge并 bìng: 并 bing4: to combine; to amalgamate并 Bīng: 并 Bing1: short name for Taiyuan 太原[Tai4 yuan2]
- to capture; to seize; to occupy by force
- 过 Gūo: 过 Guo1: surname Guo过 gùo: 过 guo4: to cross; to go over; to pass (time); to celebrate (a holiday); to live; to get along; excessively; too-过 guo: 过 guo5: (experienced action marker)
- but; yet; however; still; merely; only; just
- final; ultimate
- 也 Yě: 也 Ye3: surname Ye也 yě: 也 ye3: also; too; as well; (not ...) either; (used after a verbal or nominal expression X to indicate that X is an extreme or unexpected case) even (X); (literary) particle having functions similar to 啊[a5]
- to withdraw from; to evacuate
- in good condition; undamaged; intact
- afterward; later; subsequently; following that
- Communist Party
- to experience; to go through; experience (CL:段[duan4],次[ci4])
- Cultural Revolution (1966-1976)
- class struggle
- to die an untimely death (idiom); to be cut off in one's prime
- as before; still; to remain the same
- nowadays; now
- dining hall; dining room; restaurant; CL:間|间[jian1],家[jia1]
- small store
- (idiom) to be a feast for the eyes; to be a cornucopia of delights; to be diverse and abundant
- petit bourgeois; yuppie; abbr. of 小資產階級|小资产阶级