- great family; rich family; large landlord; conspicuous spender or consumer
- to emerge as a new force to be reckoned with (idiom)
- Xinhai Revolution (1911), which ended the Qing Dynasty
- headquarters; base camp
- to defend oneself; self-defense; self-preservation
- civil corps; militia
- to look after the house; (of skill, ability) special; outstanding
- to protect
- a gun; guns in general; same as 槍支|枪支
- 中土 Zhōng tǔ: 中土 Zhong1 tu3: (literary) the Central Plains of China; (literary) China中土 Zhōng Tǔ: 中土 Zhong1 Tu3: China-Turkey; Sino-Turkish
- despot; tyrant; bully
- twenty-fifth year E1 of the 60 year cycle, e.g. 2008 or 2068
- to rank
- far-fetched; implausible (chain of reasoning)
- Zhang Zhidong (1837-1909), prominent politician in late Qing
- (bound form) to supervise
- to get past the qualifying round; to make it to the finals
- imperial examination
- metropolitan examination (imperial civil service examination)
- exam candidate; student whose name has been put forward for an exam
- disciple; student (of a famous master)
- Western learning (intellectual movement in the late Qing); also called 洋務運動|洋务运动
- to collide with one another
- ensign; flag
- to draw; to derive; to absorb
- nutrient
- to strive for self-improvement
- long journey; trek; course of an expedition
- (of time) to elapse; to pass; (of a situation) to develop; to evolve; to shift; to slide; to move smoothly and continuously along a surface
- Xianfeng (1831-1861), reign name of Qing emperor, reigned from 1850-1861; Xianfeng County in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture 恩施土家族苗族自治州[En1 shi1 Tu3 jia1 zu2 Miao2 zu2 Zi4 zhi4 zhou1], Hubei
- reign name of Qing emperor (1861-1875)
- close to; intimate
- see 湘鄉市|湘乡市[Xiang1 xiang1 Shi4]
- see 南皮縣|南皮县[Nan2 pi2 Xian4]
- Zhili, a province from Ming times until 1928, roughly corresponding to present-day Hebei
- Hebei Province, capital Shijiazhuang 石家莊市|石家庄市[Shi2 jia1 zhuang1 Shi4] (short name 冀[Ji4])