- learning; knowledge; scholarship; a body of specialized knowledge (CL:門|门[men2]); (fig.) any activity that demands expertise, skill or experience (e.g. gathering forensic evidence, selecting clothing, managing relationships)
- London, capital of United Kingdom
- British Museum
- mechanism; structure; organization; agency; institution; CL:所[suo3]
- to notice; to become aware of; to discover; to find; to detect; a discovery
- very; really; unusual; extraordinary
- rare; rarely seen
- reference material (used in scholarly study)
- see 敦煌市[Dun1 huang2 Shi4]
- 卷子 juǎn zi: 卷子 juan3 zi5: steamed roll; spring roll卷子 juàn zi: 卷子 juan4 zi5: test paper; examination paper
- Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (1851-1864)
- document; official correspondence; secretary; secretariat
- et cetera; and so on ...; wait a minute!; hold on!
- these
- to offer; to supply; to provide; to furnish
- historical material or data
- to bring up; to train; to contribute to; achievements (usually of young people)
- to rise; to spring up; to burgeon; to be aroused; to come into vogue
- 好 hǎo: 好 hao3: good; appropriate; proper; all right!; (before a verb) easy to; (before a verb) good to; (before an adjective for exclamatory effect) so; (verb complement indicating completion); (of two people) close; on intimate terms; (after a personal pronoun) hello好 hào: 好 hao4: to be fond of; to have a tendency to; to be prone to
- case; (for) instance; example; CL:個|个[ge4]
- one's whole life; throughout one's life
- to do textual research; to make textual criticism; to verify by means of research (esp. historical details); to take an exam to get a certificate (abbr. for 考取證件|考取证件[kao3 qu3 zheng4 jian4])
- wall
- 著 zhe: 著 zhe5: aspect particle indicating action in progress or ongoing state著 zhāo: 著 zhao1: a move in chess (Taiwan pr. [zhuo2]); trick; tactic; (dialect) okay; all right; (dialect) to put in; to add著 zháo: 著 zhao2: to touch; to come in contact with; to feel; to be affected by; to catch fire; to burn; (coll.) to fall asleep; (after a verb) hitting the mark; succeeding in著 zhúo: 著 zhuo2: to wear (clothes); to contact; to use; to apply著 zhúo: 著 zhuo2: used in 執著|执著[zhi2 zhuo2]著 zhù: 著 zhu4: to make known; to show; to prove; to write; book; outstanding
- to rob; to plunder; to seize by force; to coerce; calamity; abbr. for kalpa 劫波[jie2 bo1]
- preface; introductory remarks; preamble; prelude
- to be full of (emotion); to brim with (love, tears etc)
- emotion; sentiment; affection; feelings between two persons
- to write (used before or after a quoted passage)
- (raw) material; data; (fig.) person who has the potential to do the job
- question; problem; issue; topic; CL:個|个[ge4]
- to access; to make use of
- to study; to probe; to research and examine
- scholarship; high-level study; to do scholarly research; to pursue a high level of study
- 士 Shì: 士 Shi4: surname Shi士 shì: 士 shi4: member of the senior ministerial class (old); scholar (old); bachelor; honorific; soldier; noncommissioned officer; specialist worker
- to advance; in advance; beforehand; to prepare
- tide; current; trend
- to borrow sth for another use; to borrow an idea for one's own use
- Buddhism
- fruit; result; resolute; indeed; if really
- name; noun (part of speech); place (e.g. among winners); famous; classifier for people
- then and now; ancient and modern
- that; those; (one) another
- lit. to shut oneself away and build a cart (idiom); fig. to work on a project in isolation, without caring for outside realities