- difficulty; crisis
- to lead to; to trigger; to initiate; to cause; to evoke (emotions)
- pen and ink; words; writing
- to debate; to contend; polemics
- fickle and impatient; restless; giddy; scatterbrained
- smoke and dust; air pollution
- gradually
- to flash
- divine light (around the Buddha); a halo; a miraculous column of light; (slang) jolly good!
- where?
- Hainan Island, China's southernmost province, off the coast of Guangdong
- to grow; to give birth; to produce; to be born; to arise; to occur; to light (a fire); to live; to be alive; life; raw; uncooked; unprocessed; unfamiliar; strange; (bound form) student; person engaged in a field; (bound form) male role in traditional opera; (bound form) life; lifetime; (bound form) means of livelihood; (bound form) very; intensely (as in 生疼[sheng1 teng2]); (bound form) in a forced manner (as in 生拉硬拽[sheng1 la1 ying4 zhuai4])
- to enter; to go into; to join; to become a member of; (bound form) to conform to (as in 入時|入时[ru4 shi2]); abbr. for 入聲|入声[ru4 sheng1]; (on product packaging, after {number n} + {classifier}) containing (n pieces) (from Japanese 入 "iri")
- Fudan University, Shanghai
- philosophy
- doctoral degree; PhD
- the same year
- assistant
- Nankai district of Tianjin municipality 天津市[Tian1 jin1 shi4]
- college; educational institute; school; faculty; CL:所[suo3]
- fourteen; 14
- to contain; to include
- never; will never
- to lose; to miss; to fail
- kind and honest; generous; sincere
- hack teacher; pedagogue
- reputation; fame
- to be born
- one's ancestral home (registered place of family origin, typically inherited patrilineally and recorded in official documents)
- to rapidly go up in the world; meteoric rise (of a career, social position etc)
- schoolmate; alumnus; alumna
- to astonish; to startle; to hack (computing, loanword)
- chairperson; premier; chairman; CL:個|个[ge4],位[wei4]
- to resist; to repel; to refuse
- person from the same village, town, or province
- to invite; to request; to intercept; to solicit; to seek
- to halt; to stay; to be stationed (of troops, diplomats etc)
- Thailand