- Tangut branch of the Qiang 羌 ethnic group; ancient ethnic group who made up the Xixia dynasty 西夏 1038-1227
- Qinghai Province, capital Xining 西寧市|西宁市[Xi1 ning2 Shi4] (short name 青[Qing1])
- (of time) to elapse; to pass; (of a situation) to develop; to evolve; to shift; to slide; to move smoothly and continuously along a surface
- gradually
- see 甘肅省|甘肃省[Gan1 su4 Sheng3]
- see 陝西省|陕西省[Shan3 xi1 Sheng3]
- see 鄂爾多斯市|鄂尔多斯市[E4 er3 duo1 si1 Shi4]
- end of the century
- Five Dynasties, period of history between the fall of the Tang dynasty (907) and the founding of the Song dynasty (960), when five would-be dynasties were established in quick succession in North China
- Li Yuanhao (1003-1048), founding king of Xixia 西夏[Xi1 Xia4] around modern Ningxia 寧夏|宁夏[Ning2 xia4]
- to establish; to set up; to be tenable; to hold water
- see 寧夏回族自治區|宁夏回族自治区[Ning2 xia4 Hui2 zu2 Zi4 zhi4 qu1]
- to catch one's eye (usu. used in the negative)
- conceited; to take responsibility
- official name of a nation (includes dynastic names of China: 漢|汉[Han4], 唐[Tang2] etc)
- old name for China; Cathay
- 汉 Hàn: 汉 Han4: Han ethnic group; Chinese (language); the Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD)汉 hàn: 汉 han4: man
- Confucianism
- to enter deeply into people's hearts; to have a real impact on the people (idiom)
- country's territory; national land
- Yellow River or Huang He
- mountain; hill; lofty mountain
- the Silk Road
- national border; frontier
- narrow
- population; people
- to recognize; to know; to admit
- suzerain state; mother country (of a colony)
- to replace; to supersede; to supplant; (chemistry) substitution
- gossip; hearsay; rumor
- to found a country; nation-building; the foundation of PRC by Mao Zedong in 1949
- irrational; unreasonable
- Xiaozhai neighborhood of Xi'an
- small scale; small size
- city defense
- to construct; building; CL:個|个[ge4]
- to watch helplessly
- a professional
- to guide; to direct; to instruct; coach; trainer
- to make; to build; to manufacture; to invent; to fabricate; to go to; party (in a lawsuit or legal agreement); crop; classifier for crops
- to besiege (a town)
- apparatus; instrument; equipment; weapon
- defenders