- to raise (animals)
- to gesticulate while talking (idiom); to explain by waving one's hands; to criticize or give orders summarily
- (bound form) boundary; border; (bound form) realm
- to train; to breed
- old capital
- see 玉龍納西族自治縣|玉龙纳西族自治县[Yu4 long2 Na4 xi1 zu2 Zi4 zhi4 xian4]
- Turkmenistan
- Urgench, city in Uzbekistan
- to see off; to send off
- Iraq
- Baghdad, capital of Iraq
- to defend against the cold; to keep warm
- dress; clothing; costume; clothes; CL:身[shen1]
- Iran
- to freeze to death; to die off in winter
- Kurdish person or people
- to get angry
- habitually silent (idiom); reticent; uncommunicative
- to partition; to divide up
- to meet head-on; face-to-face; directly
- collision; crash; to crash together; to collide with; to bump into
- bullshit; nonsense
- to cross a border; to overstep a bound
- small and weak; puny; the small and weak; children; women and children
- off the stage; in the audience
- 怀 huái: 怀 huai2: bosom; heart; mind; to think of; to harbor in one's mind; to conceive (a child)怀 Huái: 怀 Huai2: surname Huai
- to cease fire; armistice; rested troops
- night attack
- a good while; a long time
- to worry unnecessarily
- (idiom) to have never met; to be complete strangers
- deep and unmeasurable (idiom); unfathomable depths; incomprehensible; enigmatic and impossible to predict
- (idiom) to escape unscathed; to get through in one piece
- desire; wish
- (various things) such as; such as (the following)
- chain; cable (unit of length: 100 fathoms, about 185 m); chain (unit of length: 66 feet, about 20 m); to chain; to enchain
- first of the ten Heavenly Stems 十天干[shi2 tian1 gan1]; (used for an unspecified person or thing); first (in a list, as a party to a contract etc); letter "A" or roman "I" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc; armor plating; shell or carapace; (of the fingers or toes) nail; bladed leather or metal armor (old); ranking system used in the Imperial examinations (old); civil administration unit in the baojia 保甲[bao3 jia3] system (old); ancient Chinese compass point: 75°
- metal helmet; (military) helmet
- shield (CL:面[mian4]); (currency) Vietnamese dong; currency unit of several countries (Indonesian rupiah, Dutch gulden etc)
- Arabian; Arabic; Arab
- overwhelming majority