- internecine strife (idiom); fighting among oneself
- to compete; competition
- former times; olden days
- to vilify; to slander; vilification
- to oppose; to set sth against; to be antagonistic to; antithetical; relative opposite; opposing; diametrical
- to mix together (disparate substances); to mingle; a mix; to be tangled up with
- to accept; to take; next; following
- hostile; enemy (factions); combative
- taciturn; uncommunicative; silent
- to experience; to go through
- several years; many years
- 非 Fēi: 非 Fei1: abbr. for 非洲[Fei1 zhou1], Africa非 fēi: 非 fei1: to not be; not; wrong; incorrect; non-; un-; in-; de-; to reproach; to blame; (coll.) to insist on; simply must
- person; figure; public figure
- to observe; to watch; to survey
- political commentary
- article; essay; literary works; writings; hidden meaning; CL:篇[pian1],段[duan4],頁|页[ye4]
- content; substance; details; CL:項|项[xiang4]
- 越 yuè: 越 yue4: to exceed; to climb over; to surpass; the more... the more越 Yuè: 越 Yue4: generic word for peoples or states of south China or south Asia at different historical periods; abbr. for Vietnam 越南
- wide; broad; extensive; widespread
- 页 xié: 页 xie2: head页 yè: 页 ye4: page; leaf
- length (of a piece of writing); space occupied on a printed page
- to attack; to accuse; to charge; an attack (terrorist or military)
- the West; the Occident; Western countries
- 启蒙 qǐ méng: 启蒙 qi3 meng2: to instruct the young启蒙 qǐ méng: 启蒙 qi3 meng2: to instruct the young; to initiate; to awake sb from ignorance; to free sb from prejudice or superstition; primer; enlightened; the Enlightenment; Western learning from the late Qing dynasty
- type; form; pattern; style
- democracy; democratic
- and; besides; moreover; furthermore; in addition
- to attack (verbally or in writing)
- 秋 Qīu: 秋 Qiu1: surname Qiu秋 qīu: 秋 qiu1: autumn; fall; harvest time秋 qīu: 秋 qiu1: used in 鞦韆|秋千[qiu1 qian1]
- to become reconciled; to bury the hatchet
- cause; a factor (leading to an effect)
- to grow; to give birth; to produce; to be born; to arise; to occur; to light (a fire); to live; to be alive; life; raw; uncooked; unprocessed; unfamiliar; strange; (bound form) student; person engaged in a field; (bound form) male role in traditional opera; (bound form) life; lifetime; (bound form) means of livelihood; (bound form) very; intensely (as in 生疼[sheng1 teng2]); (bound form) in a forced manner (as in 生拉硬拽[sheng1 la1 ying4 zhuai4])
- serious illness
- bottom of one's heart
- Weimar, Germany
- republic
- to draw close to
- to be close to; to approach; to draw near
- the latter
- cause; reason; because
- brand new
- representative; delegate; CL:位[wei4],個|个[ge4],名[ming2]; to represent; to stand for; on behalf of; in the name of
- one of (sth); one out of a multitude; one (third, quarter, percent etc)
- exactly; just; precisely; (loanword) cha-cha; cha-cha-cha (dance)