- to replace the old with new; to renew; to renovate; to upgrade; to update; to regenerate
- to develop rapidly after abrupt turn (idiom); dramatic change
- to anticipate; to expect; expectations
- to wander about destitute; to be stranded
- Mt Mengliang in Mengyin county 蒙陰縣|蒙阴县[Meng2 yin1 xian4], Linyi 臨沂|临沂[Lin2 yi2], Shandong
- one's early years
- see 宜川縣|宜川县[Yi2 chuan1 Xian4]
- Huaihai Campaign (Nov 1948-Jan 1949), one of the three major campaigns by the People's Liberation Army near the end of the Chinese Civil War, considered the determining battle of the war
- People's Liberation Army
- participant
- clear spring
- bow case or scabbard; to hide; military strategy
- solemn and stirring; moving and tragic
- the scene (of a crime, accident etc); (on) the spot; (at) the site
- suddenly (perceive); confused; vague; distracted
- hatred and desire for revenge
- 创 chuāng: 创 chuang1: (bound form) a wound; to wound创 chuàng: 创 chuang4: to initiate; to create; to achieve (sth for the first time)
- to put on airs; to pretend sth is better than it is; affectation
- Rites and Ceremonies, part of the Confucian Classic of Rites 禮記|礼记[Li3 ji4]
- diversification; pluralism; to diversify
- complicated
- Hongwu Emperor, also written Hung-wu Ti, reign name of first Ming emperor Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋[Zhu1 Yuan2 zhang1] (1328-1398), reigned 1386-1398, temple name 明太祖[Ming2 Tai4 zu3]
- (bound form) emperor; sovereign; supreme deity
- to gather; to collect
- judicial; (administration of) justice
- investment; to invest
- labor force; manpower
- to employ; to hire
- full employment
- farming; crops
- time; season; period; CL:個|个[ge4]
- (agriculture) busy season; peak farming season
- lazy
- in the country; rural; pastoral
- 壮 zhuàng: 壮 zhuang4: to strengthen; strong; robust壮 Zhuàng: 壮 Zhuang4: Zhuang ethnic group, the largest ethnic minority in China
- porter for a palanquin
- simple and easy; simplistic; simplicity
- sedan chair; palanquin; litter