- theory; CL:個|个[ge4]; to argue; to take notice of
- uneven; jagged; snaggletooth; ragged; serrated
- 重点 chóng diǎn: 重点 chong2 dian3: to recount (e.g. results of election); to re-evaluate重点 zhòng diǎn: 重点 zhong4 dian3: important point; main point; focus; key (project etc); to focus on; to put the emphasis on
- not clear; unknown; to fail to understand
- complexity
- unusual; special; very; especially; particularly; expressly; for a specific purpose; (often followed by 是[shi4]) in particular
- this text; article; the main body of a book
- according to; based on; basis; foundation; CL:個|个[ge4]
- father's father; paternal grandfather
- father; also pr. [fu4 qin5]; CL:個|个[ge4]
- 家 jiā: 家 jia1: used in 傢伙|家伙[jia1 huo5] and 傢俱|家俱[jia1 ju4]家 jiā: 家 jia1: home; family; (polite) my (sister, uncle etc); classifier for families or businesses; refers to the philosophical schools of pre-Han China; noun suffix for a specialist in some activity, such as a musician or revolutionary, corresponding to English -ist, -er, -ary or -ian; CL:個|个[ge4]
- populous and affluent
- family background
- a certain number or amount; how many?; how much?
- maternal love
- to praise; to commend
- to be orphaned of one's father
- biological father
- not in the least; to completely lack
- to remember; to recall; memory
- epitaph
- mother
- young
- to live in widowhood (formal)
- to remarry (of a woman)
- apart from this; in addition to this
- known; what one knows
- 据 jū: 据 ju1: used in 拮据[jie2 ju1]据 jù: 据 ju4: according to; to act in accordance with; to depend on; to seize; to occupy
- 缄 jiān: 缄 jian1: (wooden) box; cup; letter缄 jiān: 缄 jian1: letters; to close; to seal
- to discipline; to teach; to guarantee
- strict; stringent; tight; rigorous
- 夏 xià: 夏 xia4: summer夏 Xià: 夏 Xia4: the Xia or Hsia dynasty c. 2000 BC; Xia of the Sixteen Kingdoms (407–432); surname Xia
- 楚 Chǔ: 楚 Chu3: surname Chu; abbr. for Hubei 湖北省[Hu2 bei3 Sheng3] and Hunan 湖南省[Hu2 nan2 Sheng3] provinces together; Chinese kingdom during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods (722–221 BC)楚 chǔ: 楚 chu3: distinct; clear; orderly; pain; suffering; deciduous bush used in Chinese medicine (genus Vitex); punishment cane (old)
- at least; minimum; lowest (amount); minimal
- 打 dá: 打 da2: (loanword) dozen; Taiwan pr. [da3]打 dǎ: 打 da3: a semantically light, transitive verb that is combined with various grammatical objects to form compound verbs and verb-object phrases with a diverse range of meanings (e.g. 打傘|打伞[da3 san3] "to hold an umbrella", 打電話|打电话[da3 dian4 hua4] "to make a phone call", 打針|打针[da3 zhen1] "to get an injection", 打手套[da3 shou3 tao4] "to knit gloves", 打氣|打气[da3 qi4] "to inflate"); to hit; to strike; to fight; (coll.) from; since (as in 打那以後|打那以后[da3 na4 yi3 hou4] "since then")
- palm (of one's hand); control (extended meaning from having something in the palm of one's hand)
- religion
- profound; deep; deep-going
- mother; elderly female relative; origin; source; (of animals) female
- childhood; infancy
- to supervise and urge completion of a task; to urge on