- to penalize; to punish
- 这 zhèi: 这 zhei4: (coll.) this这 zhè: 这 zhe4: (pronoun) this; these; (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun); (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. [zhei4], esp. in Beijing)
- 种 zhòng: 种 zhong4: to plant; to grow; to cultivate种 zhǒng: 种 zhong3: seed; species; kind; type; classifier for types, kinds, sorts
- severe; strict
- to stipulate; to specify; to prescribe; to fix (a price); to set (a quota); regulations; rules; provisions; stipulations
- straight (in a straight line); continuously; always; all the way through
- to continue; to go on; to last
- Xianfeng (1831-1861), reign name of Qing emperor, reigned from 1850-1861; Xianfeng County in Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture 恩施土家族苗族自治州[En1 shi1 Tu3 jia1 zu2 Miao2 zu2 Zi4 zhi4 zhou1], Hubei
- emperor; CL:個|个[ge4]
- period of time; time; time period; period; CL:個|个[ge4]
- since (a time); ever since
- Empress Dowager Cixi or Ts'u Hsi (reigned 1861-1908)
- lit. to govern from behind the curtain; to rule in place of the emperor (idiom)
- 后 hòu: 后 hou4: empress; queen; (archaic) monarch; ruler后 Hòu: 后 Hou4: surname Hou后 hòu: 后 hou4: back; behind; rear; afterwards; after; later; post-
- she
- complete change from the normal state (idiom); quite uncharacteristic; entirely outside the norm; out of character
- to install; to place; to put; to buy
- 于 yú: 于 yu2: to go; to take; sentence-final interrogative particle于 Yú: 于 Yu2: surname Yu于 yú: 于 yu2: (of time or place) in; at; on; (indicating any indirect relation) to; toward; vis-à-vis; with regard to; for; (indicating a source) from; out of; (used in comparison) than; (used in the passive voice) by
- in spite of; regardless of
- immediately; at once; right away
- to use; to make use of; to employ; (coverb) with; using; to need; to have to (usu. used in the negative or in questions); usefulness; utility; (bound form) expense; outlay; (courteous) to eat; to drink; (literary) hence; therefore
- 闲暇 xián xiá: 闲暇 xian2 xia2: leisure; free time; unoccupied; not in use闲暇 xián xiá: 闲暇 xian2 xia2: leisure
- (concept of) time; (duration of) time; (point in) time
- the Book of Songs 詩經|诗经[Shi1 jing1] and the Book of History 書經|书经[Shu1 jing1]
- 读 dòu: 读 dou4: comma; phrase marked by pause读 dú: 读 du2: to read out; to read aloud; to read; to attend (school); to study (a subject in school); to pronounce
- 以 Yǐ: 以 Yi3: abbr. for Israel 以色列[Yi3 se4 lie4]以 yǐ: 以 yi3: to use; by means of; according to; in order to; because of; at (a certain date or place)
- to raise; to increase; to improve
- accomplishment; training; self-cultivation
- more (than sth else); even more
- in accordance with; to agree with; to conform to; to meet (a requirement); (physics) coincidence
- royal; imperial household
- etiquette; ceremony
- even; so much so that
- 还 Huán: 还 Huan2: surname Huan还 huán: 还 huan2: to pay back; to return还 hái: 还 hai2: still; still in progress; still more; yet; even more; in addition; fairly; passably (good); as early as; even; also; else
- personally; in person; oneself
- 给 gěi: 给 gei3: to; for; for the benefit of; to give; to allow; to do sth (for sb); (grammatical equivalent of 被); (grammatical equivalent of 把); (sentence intensifier)给 jǐ: 给 ji3: to supply; to provide
- oneself; (attributive) one's own
- to lecture (on branch of learning)
- to request; to require; requirement; to stake a claim; to ask; to demand; CL:點|点[dian3]
- to learn; to study
- motive; intention; to be diligent or attentive; careful
- maybe; perhaps; might; possibly; or
- 常 Cháng: 常 Chang2: surname Chang常 cháng: 常 chang2: always; ever; often; frequently; common; general; constant
- to be made to stand still as a punishment
- to punish by protracted kneeling
- bamboo rhizome; bamboo whip