- to provide assistance; to aid
- to clean; to clean up; to eliminate; to wipe out
- political opponent
- to agree to and sign (a treaty etc)
- to forfeit sovereignty and humiliate the country (idiom); to surrender territory under humiliating terms
- equal; equality
- treaty; pact; CL:個|个[ge4]
- 立 lì: 立 li4: to stand; to set up; to establish; to lay down; to draw up; at once; immediately立 Lì: 立 Li4: surname Li
- Puyi, personal name of the last Qing emperor (reigned as child 1909-1911), the subject of Bertolucci's biopic The Last Emperor
- (bound form) emperor; sovereign; supreme deity
- (in an expression of the form 起到[qi3 dao4] + … + 作用[zuo4 yong4]) to have (a (motivating etc) effect); to play (a (stabilizing etc) role)
- to act on; to affect; action; function; activity; impact; result; effect; purpose; intent; (suffix) -ation, -tion etc, as in 抑制作用[yi4 zhi4 zuo4 yong4], inhibition
- 从 cóng: 从 cong2: from; through; via; (bound form) to follow; (bound form) to obey; (bound form) to engage in (an activity); (used before a negative) ever; (bound form) (Taiwan pr. [zong4]) retainer; attendant; (bound form) (Taiwan pr. [zong4]) assistant; auxiliary; subordinate; (bound form) (Taiwan pr. [zong4]) related by common paternal grandfather or earlier ancestor从 Cóng: 从 Cong2: surname Cong
- childhood
- out of the ordinary; exceedingly (good)
- group; crowd; flock, herd, pack etc
- to reach; to arrive; to leave for; to go to; to (a place); until (a time); up to (a point); (verb complement indicating arriving at a place or reaching a point); considerate; thoughtful; thorough
- youth; youthful years; young person; the young
- to work hard
- from within; therefrom
- 年 nián: 年 nian2: year; CL:個|个[ge4]年 Nián: 年 Nian2: surname Nian年 nián: 年 nian2: grain; harvest (old)
- elderly; old age; autumn of one's years
- lit. to come back to one's hometown in silken robes (idiom); fig. to return home after making good; Taiwan pr. [yi4 jin3 huan2 xiang1]
- (literary) to give; to accord; to render
- thorough and detailed; exhaustive; the tedious details in full
- (of skin etc) smooth; satiny; delicate; (of a performance, depiction, craftsmanship etc) finely detailed; subtle; exquisite; meticulous
- to describe; description
- ministry; department; section; part; division; troops; board; classifier for works of literature, films, machines etc
- first rate; top rank; number one
- to feel sad
- (fig.) history full of suffering; heart-rending story; CL:部[bu4]
- even more (so)
- (idiom) heart-stopping; hair-raising; breathtaking
- imperial power
- to struggle; to fight; struggle
- 史 shǐ: 史 shi3: history; annals; title of an official historian in ancient China史 Shǐ: 史 Shi3: surname Shi
- although; even though (often used correlatively with 可是[ke3 shi4] or 但是[dan4 shi4] etc)
- (literary) crafty; cunning
- flexible; accommodating
- (of a deceased) during one's life; while living
- haven't; hasn't; doesn't exist; to not have; to not be
- to receive (praise, an education, punishment etc); to be ...ed (praised, educated, punished etc)
- to make reprisals; to retaliate; revenge; retaliation