- to protect
- to help; to assist
- China
- bordering; adjacent to
- boundary; border
- to halt; to stay; to be stationed (of troops, diplomats etc)
- Tonkin, northern Vietnam during the French colonial period
- armed forces; troops; CL:支[zhi1]
- to recall; to revoke; to retract
- 索 sǔo: 索 suo3: to search; to demand; to ask; to exact; large rope; isolated索 Sǔo: 索 Suo3: surname Suo; abbr. for 索馬里|索马里[Suo3 ma3 li3], Somalia
- reparations; to pay reparations
- to agree; to consent; to approve
- 越 yuè: 越 yue4: to exceed; to climb over; to surpass; the more... the more越 Yuè: 越 Yue4: generic word for peoples or states of south China or south Asia at different historical periods; abbr. for Vietnam 越南
- frontier; border
- to open up a port for trade; to open treaty ports
- (of nations) to have trade relations; to engage in trade
- famous; well-known
- still; as before; yet
- to lose
- initiative (as in "seize the initiative"); advantageous position that allows one to call the shots
- Qing government (1644-1911)
- (after a noun N and before a predicate P) the reason why N P; Example: 我之所以討厭他|我之所以讨厌他[wo3 zhi1 suo3 yi3 tao3 yan4 ta1] "the reason why I dislike him (is ...)"
- so much; this much; how much?; this way; like this
- principle; doctrine; CL:個|个[ge4]
- to handle; to deal with; to punish; to treat sth by a special process; to process; to sell at reduced prices
- to keep the peace; to patch up a quarrel (idiom)
- to set up; to establish
- bad; spoiled; broken; to break down; (suffix) to the utmost
- model; example (for people to follow); (in reference to a person) role model
- each country; every country; various countries
- from now on; since then; henceforth
- to collapse; to crumble; to fall apart
- abyss
- to pick up; to collect; to gather
- to reach; to arrive; to leave for; to go to; to (a place); until (a time); up to (a point); (verb complement indicating arriving at a place or reaching a point); considerate; thoughtful; thorough
- 大 dài: 大 dai4: see 大夫[dai4 fu5]大 dà: 大 da4: big; large; great; older (than another person); eldest (as in 大姐[da4 jie3]); greatly; freely; fully; (dialect) father; (dialect) uncle (father's brother)
- 便宜 biàn yí: 便宜 bian4 yi2: convenient便宜 pián yi: 便宜 pian2 yi5: cheap; inexpensive; a petty advantage; to let sb off lightly
- still (as before); had better; unexpectedly; or
- to satisfy; to meet (the needs of); satisfied; content
- (do sth) on a large scale
- to start; to launch; to unleash; to mobilize; to arouse
- to attack; to assault; to go on the offensive; attack; assault; offense (sports)
- the Qing army
- to lose; to miss; to fail
- acute spirit; dash; drive
- to defeat; to damage; to lose (to an opponent); to fail; to wither
- victory; success; to beat; to defeat; to surpass; victorious; superior to; to get the better of; better than; surpassing; superb (of vista); beautiful (scenery); wonderful (view); (Taiwan pr. [sheng1]) able to bear; equal to (a task)