- Li Hung-chang or Li Hongzhang (1823-1901), Qing dynasty general, politician and diplomat
- Zhang Zhidong (1837-1909), prominent politician in late Qing
- 孙 sūn: 孙 sun1: grandson; descendant孙 Sūn: 孙 Sun1: surname Sun
- (literary) to produce; to foster; to nurture
- Wen River in northwest Sichuan (same as 汶川); classical name of river in Shandong, used to refer to Qi 齊國|齐国
- Yuan Shikai (1859-1916), senior general of late Qing, subsequently warlord and self-proclaimed emperor of China
- 载 zǎi: 载 zai3: to record in writing; to carry (i.e. publish in a newspaper etc); Taiwan pr. [zai4]; year载 zài: 载 zai4: to carry; to convey; to load; to hold; to fill up; and; also; as well as; simultaneously
- still water
- truly; whirlpool
- 溥 Pǔ: 溥 Pu3: surname Pu溥 pǔ: 溥 pu3: extensive; pervading
- 兴 xīng: 兴 xing1: to rise; to flourish; to become popular; to start; to encourage; to get up; (often used in the negative) to permit or allow (dialect); maybe (dialect)兴 Xīng: 兴 Xing1: surname Xing兴 xìng: 兴 xing4: feeling or desire to do sth; interest in sth; excitement
- swelling water
- resolute; steadfast; stalwart
- 立 lì: 立 li4: to stand; to set up; to establish; to lay down; to draw up; at once; immediately立 Lì: 立 Li4: surname Li
- 山 Shān: 山 Shan1: surname Shan山 shān: 山 shan1: mountain; hill (CL:座[zuo4]); (coll.) small bundle of straw for silkworms to spin cocoons on
- (bound form) to ally oneself with; to unite; to combine; to join; (bound form) (poetry) antithetical couplet
- 元 Yuán: 元 Yuan2: surname Yuan; Yuan dynasty (1279–1368)元 yuán: 元 yuan2: currency unit (esp. Chinese yuan); (bound form) first; original; primary; (bound form) basic; fundamental; (bound form) constituent; part; (prefix) meta-; (math.) argument; variable; era (of a reign); (Tw) (geology) eon
- 姜 Jiāng: 姜 Jiang1: surname Jiang姜 jiāng: 姜 jiang1: ginger
- 桂 gùi: 桂 gui4: cassia; laurel桂 Gùi: 桂 Gui4: surname Gui; abbr. for Guangxi Autonomous Region 廣西壯族自治區|广西壮族自治区[Guang3 xi1 Zhuang4 zu2 Zi4 zhi4 qu1]
- 题 Tí: 题 Ti2: surname Ti题 tí: 题 ti2: topic; problem for discussion; exam question; subject; to inscribe; to mention; CL:個|个[ge4],道[dao4]
- 江 Jiāng: 江 Jiang1: surname Jiang; (bound form) Yangtze River; (bound form) Jiangsu Province (abbr. for 江蘇|江苏[Jiang1 su1])江 jiāng: 江 jiang1: river; CL:條|条[tiao2],道[dao4]
- (bound form) to compare; (literary) to dispute; compared to; (before an adjective) relatively; comparatively; rather; also pr. [jiao3]
- only natural; as it should be; certainly; of course; without doubt
- among; in; included among these
- breath
- friendly advice; words spoken on sb's behalf; a good word; kind words; words that sound fine but are not followed up with actions
- so that; so as to; in order to
- (old) (esp. of the Emperor) to show special favor towards
- to save from damage; to preserve; to maintain; to keep in good repair; (Tw) security guard
- all levels of society; the imperial court and the ordinary people
- to bake; to heat by fire; to set off by contrast
- 云 yún: 云 yun2: (classical) to say云 Yún: 云 Yun2: surname Yun; short name for Yunnan 雲南|云南[Yun2 nan2]云 yún: 云 yun2: cloud; CL:朵[duo3]
- 托 tūo: 托 tuo1: to hold up in one's hand; to support with one's palm; sth serving as a support: a prop, a rest (e.g. arm rest); (bound form) a shill; torr (unit of pressure)托 tūo: 托 tuo1: to trust; to entrust; to be entrusted with; to act as trustee
- (bound form) sun; day; day of the month; (bound form) Japan (abbr. for 日本[Ri4 ben3]); (vulgar) to fuck; to have sex with
- lit. all the stars cup themselves around the moon (idiom, from Analects); fig. to view sb as core figure; to group around a revered leader; to revolve around sb
- person; personage; figure (esp. sb of importance); character (in a play, novel etc); (genre of traditional Chinese painting) figure painting
- even; so much so that
- capital of a country
- 里 lǐ: 里 li3: lining; interior; inside; internal; also written 裏|里[li3]里 lǐ: 里 li3: li, ancient measure of length, approx. 500 m; neighborhood; ancient administrative unit of 25 families; (Tw) borough, administrative unit between the township 鎮|镇[zhen4] and neighborhood 鄰|邻[lin2] levels里 Lǐ: 里 Li3: Li (surname)
- common people
- already; since; both... (and...)