- many; much; more; a lot of; too many; in excess; (after a numeral) ... odd; how (to what extent) (Taiwan pr. [duo2]); (bound form) multi-; poly-
- paved path
- both sides; either side
- the middle; the inside; in the middle; within; between; among; during; in the meantime
- it is a pity; what a pity; unfortunately
- it can clearly be seen (that this is the case); it is (thus) clear; clear; visible
- (after a verb or adjective) one who (is) ...; (after a noun) person involved in ...; -er; -ist; (used after a number or 後|后[hou4] or 前[qian2] to refer to sth mentioned previously); (used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term); (old) (used at the end of a command); (old) this
- each; every
- cypress tree; Taiwan pr. [bo2 shu4]
- to be close to; to approach; to draw near
- the back; the rear; the last bit; behind; near the end; at the back; later; afterwards
- 白 bái: 白 bai2: white; snowy; pure; bright; empty; blank; plain; clear; to make clear; in vain; gratuitous; free of charge; reactionary; anti-communist; funeral; to stare coldly; to write wrong character; to state; to explain; vernacular; spoken lines in opera白 Bái: 白 Bai2: surname Bai; Bai ethnic group
- 松 Sōng: 松 Song1: surname Song松 sōng: 松 song1: pine; CL:棵[ke1]松 sōng: 松 song1: loose; to loosen; to relax; floss (dry, fluffy food product made from shredded, seasoned meat or fish, used as a topping or filling)
- 原 Yuán: 原 Yuan2: surname Yuan; (Japanese surname) Hara原 yuán: 原 yuan2: former; original; primary; raw; level; cause; source
- classifier for trees, cabbages, plants etc
- the back; the rear; the last bit; behind; near the end; at the back; later; afterwards
- around; from beginning to end; all around; front and rear
- common; general; to share; together; total; altogether; abbr. for 共產黨|共产党[Gong4 chan3 dang3], Communist party
- to plant
- west side; west face
- (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的[de5]); him; her; it
- all one's life; throughout one's life
- slave
- 曾 zēng: 曾 zeng1: great- (grandfather, grandchild etc)曾 céng: 曾 ceng2: once; already; ever (in the past); former; previously; (past tense marker used before verb or clause)曾 Zēng: 曾 Zeng1: surname Zeng
- to experience; to go through; experience (CL:段[duan4],次[ci4])
- 过 guo: 过 guo5: (experienced action marker)过 gùo: 过 guo4: to cross; to go over; to pass (time); to celebrate (a holiday); to live; to get along; excessively; too-过 Gūo: 过 Guo1: surname Guo
- joys and sorrows; partings and reunions; the vicissitudes of life
- lit. sour, sweet, bitter and spicy (idiom); fig. all kinds of flavors; the joys and sorrows of life
- to suffer; to torture; to torment; ordeal; suffering; torture; torment
- 只 zhǐ: 只 zhi3: only; merely; just只 zhī: 只 zhi1: grain that has begun to ripen只 zhī: 只 zhi1: classifier for birds and certain animals, one of a pair, some utensils, vessels etc
- to know; to become aware of; also pr. [zhi1dao5]
- (of a deceased) during one's life; while living
- unable to; incapable of
- to anticipate; to foresee
- forty-eighth year H12 of the 60 year cycle, e.g. 1971 or 2031; cf 辛亥革命[Xin1 hai4 Ge2 ming4], Xinhai Revolution of 1911
- Wuchang Uprising of October 10th, 1911, which led to Sun Yat-sen's Xinhai Revolution and the fall of the Qing dynasty
- to overthrow
- termination; to finish; to end; to conclude; to close
- China
- to establish; to set up; to found
- Republic of China