- December; twelfth month (of the lunar year)
- to hold a court audience; to govern from the imperial throne (applies esp. to Empress Dowager or Regent)
- to compile; to compose
- April; fourth month (of the lunar year)
- to promulgate; to send out; to issue; to grant or confer
- 查 chá: 查 cha2: to research; to check; to investigate; to examine; to refer to; to look up (e.g. a word in a dictionary)查 Zhā: 查 Zha1: surname Zha
- the middle; the inside; in the middle; within; between; among; during; in the meantime
- (bound form) to entertain at a banquet; (bound form) banquet; feast; (literary) peaceful; at ease
- plethora of things to tackle; multitude of loose ends; very complicated; chaotic
- to write a book
- the final years of the Qing dynasty 清朝[Qing1 chao2]; late Qing
- geographer
- to write (used before or after a quoted passage)
- (legal) case; incident; record; file; table
- maple (genus Acer)
- 黄 Huáng: 黄 Huang2: surname Huang or Hwang黄 huáng: 黄 huang2: yellow; pornographic; to fall through
- village; (dialect) to scold; rustic; boorish
- handwriting
- identical; same
- absolutely not
- (bound form) chest; breast; (bound form) inner feelings; subjective
- historiography
- value; worth; (ethical, cultural etc) values
- first-hand
- material; resources; data; information; profile (Internet); CL:份[fen4],個|个[ge4]
- the Legalist school of political philosophy, which rose to prominence in the Warring States period (475–221 BC) (The Legalists believed that social harmony could only be attained through strong state control, and advocated for a system of rigidly applied punishments and rewards for specific behaviors.); a Legalist
- Miscellaneous School of the Warring States Period (475-221 BC) whose leading advocate was Lü Buwei 呂不韋|吕不韦[Lu:3 Bu4 wei2]
- model; typical case; archetype; typical; representative
- pragmatism
- to betray
- for a long time
- so far; to this day; until now
- still; as before; yet
- to obtain (a result); to arrive at (a conclusion)
- satisfying; satisfactory
- answer; solution; CL:個|个[ge4]
- up to; no less than; as much as