- ancient; old; age-old
- country; nation; state
- to surround; to encircle; to hem in
- to transform; to reform; to remodel; to remold
- to approach; to draw near; to be close to (in space or time)
- court (of king or emperor)
- etiquette; ceremony
- 成 chéng: 成 cheng2: to succeed; to finish; to complete; to accomplish; to become; to turn into; to be all right; OK!; one tenth成 Chéng: 成 Cheng2: surname Cheng; short name for Chengdu 成都[Cheng2 du1]
- to have to; must; compulsory; necessarily
- 要 yào: 要 yao4: to want; to need; to ask for; will; shall; about to; need to; should; if (same as 要是[yao4 shi5]); (bound form) important要 yāo: 要 yao1: (bound form) to demand; to coerce
- to make; to produce; to write; to compose; to do; to engage in; to hold (a party etc); (of a person) to be (an intermediary, a good student etc); to become (husband and wife, friends etc); (of a thing) to serve as; to be used for; to assume (an air or manner)
- affair; matter; thing; business; CL:件[jian4],樁|桩[zhuang1]
- to clear away; to eliminate; to get rid of
- among; in; included among these
- prerogative; privilege; privileged
- or; possibly; maybe; perhaps
- to bow and bend the knee (idiom); fawning; bending and scraping to curry favor
- element (key component of sth); (chemistry) element; (math.) element (member of a set)
- if; in case; in the event that
- first place
- Frenchman; French person
- one's conduct; deed; activity; accomplishment; achievement; to act as; as (in the capacity of); qua; to view as; to look upon (sth as); to take sth to be
- all new; completely new
- lineage; genealogy; family tree
- primogenitor; founder of a school or trade
- France
- religion
- to rebuild; to reconstruct; to reestablish
- (after a verb or adjective) one who (is) ...; (after a noun) person involved in ...; -er; -ist; (used after a number or 後|后[hou4] or 前[qian2] to refer to sth mentioned previously); (used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term); (old) (used at the end of a command); (old) this
- the most
- big and strong; formidable; powerful
- Catholicism
- monarch; sovereign
- to need; to want; to demand; to require; needs
- to obtain; to receive; to get
- 祝 Zhù: 祝 Zhu4: surname Zhu祝 zhù: 祝 zhu4: to pray for; to wish (sb bon voyage, happy birthday etc); person who invokes the spirits during sacrificial ceremonies
- 圣 kū: 圣 ku1: (literary) to dig with persistent effort (e.g. to gather wild vegetables)圣 shèng: 圣 sheng4: (bound form) peerless (in wisdom, moral virtue, skill etc); (bound form) peerless individual; paragon (sage, saint, emperor, master of a skill etc); (bound form) holy; sacred
- ceremony
- dialect; language; spoken words; speech; talk; words; conversation; what sb said; CL:種|种[zhong3],席[xi2],句[ju4],口[kou3],番[fan1]
- only have ...; there is only ...; (used in combination with 才[cai2]) it is only if ... (that one can ...) (as in 只有通過治療才能痊愈|只有通过治疗才能痊愈[zhi3 you3 tong1 guo4 zhi4 liao2 cai2 neng2 quan2 yu4] "the only way to cure it is with therapy"); it is only (someone) who ... (as in 只有男性才有此需要[zhi3 you3 nan2 xing4 cai2 you3 ci3 xu1 yao4] "only men would have such a requirement"); (used to express lack of alternatives) can only; have no choice but to (as in 只有屈服[zhi3 you3 qu1 fu2] "the only thing you can do is give in")
- to have; there is; (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意[you3 yi4] intentional)
- qualifications; seniority
- sage; the Sage (i.e. Confucius); (old) (respectful way of addressing a monarch) your sagacious majesty; (religion) saint
- 也 Yě: 也 Ye3: surname Ye也 yě: 也 ye3: also; too; as well; (not ...) either; (used after a verbal or nominal expression X to indicate that X is an extreme or unexpected case) even (X); (literary) particle having functions similar to 啊[a5]
- Paris, capital of France
- place; site; location; venue; CL:個|个[ge4]
- pertaining to; concerning; with regard to; about; a matter of
- whether (or not); if; is or isn't
- to yield; to permit; to let sb do sth; to have sb do sth; to make sb (feel sad etc); by (indicates the agent in a passive clause, like 被[bei4])