- autumn; fall
- to make nothing of hardships
- to build
- to dredge
- trench; moat
- to heighten; to raise; to increase; to rise
- low-lying
- 环 huán: 环 huan2: ring; hoop; loop; (chain) link; classifier for scores in archery etc; to surround; to encircle; to hem in环 Huán: 环 Huan2: surname Huan
- to pour into; to empty into
- to plant
- wood; log (CL:塊|块[kuai4],根[gen1]); (fig.) blockhead; dolt
- fence
- (of an aircraft or rocket) to take off; to lift off; (fig.) (of an enterprise etc) to start to develop rapidly
- 楼 Lóu: 楼 Lou2: surname Lou楼 lóu: 楼 lou2: house with more than 1 story; storied building; floor; CL:層|层[ceng2],座[zuo4],棟|栋[dong4]
- to provide assistance; to support; to back
- to violate; to offend
- martial law
- great person
- to commemorate; to honor the memory of; memento; keepsake; souvenir
- who; which; what
- to die or be martyred for a noble cause; to be faithful unto death
- to envy
- 英 yīng: 英 ying1: hero; outstanding; excellent; (literary) flower; blossom英 Yīng: 英 Ying1: United Kingdom; British; England; English; abbr. for 英國|英国[Ying1 guo2]
- big; large; great
- 甸 diàn: 甸 dian4: suburbs or outskirts; one of the five degrees of official mourning attire in dynastic China; official in charge of fields (old)甸 Diàn: 甸 Dian4: surname Dian
- imperial
- liver (CL:葉|叶[ye4]); (slang) to put in long hours, typically late into the night, playing (a video game); (of a video game) involving a lot of repetition in order to progress; grindy
- all one's life
- to help those in distress (idiom)
- to raise; to aid; to support; to save; to rescue
- mischievous; obstinate; to play; stupid; stubborn; naughty
- see 文山壯族苗族自治州|文山壮族苗族自治州[Wen2 shan1 Zhuang4 zu2 Miao2 zu2 Zi4 zhi4 zhou1]; see 文山區|文山区[Wen2 shan1 Qu1]; see 文山市[Wen2 shan1 Shi4]
- 廉 lián: 廉 lian2: incorruptible; honest; inexpensive; to investigate (old); side wall of a traditional Chinese house (old)廉 Lián: 廉 Lian2: surname Lian
- (bound form) cowardly; faint-hearted
- gall bladder; courage; guts; gall; inner container (e.g. bladder of a football, inner container of a thermos)
- cold; poor; to tremble
- bloody battle