- market; city; municipality (administrative unit); (literary) to trade; to buy and sell goods
- subtle; shrewd; sophisticated
- (coll.) exactly!; indeed; that's for sure
- it may be assumed that
- (of a process etc) to proceed; to be in progress; to be underway; (of people) to carry out; to conduct (an investigation or discussion etc); (of an army etc) to be on the march; to advance
- to rank (1st, 2nd etc); ranking
- place; destination
- to accept an applicant (prospective student, employee etc) who passes an entrance exam; to admit (a student); to hire (a job candidate)
- to state; to declare; statement; declaration; CL:項|项[xiang4],份[fen4]
- firstly, ...
- 书 Shū: 书 Shu1: abbr. for 書經|书经[Shu1 jing1]书 shū: 书 shu1: book; letter; document; CL:本[ben3],冊|册[ce4],部[bu4]; to write
- 读 dòu: 读 dou4: comma; phrase marked by pause读 dú: 读 du2: to read out; to read aloud; to read; to attend (school); to study (a subject in school); to pronounce
- secondly, ...
- to speak without thinking (idiom); to blurt sth out
- seat of government; government repository (archive); official residence; mansion; presidential palace; (honorific) Your home; prefecture (from Tang to Qing times)
- 春秋 chūn qīu: 春秋 chun1 qiu1: spring and autumn; four seasons; year; a person's age; annals (used in book titles)春秋 Chūn qīu: 春秋 Chun1 qiu1: Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC); Spring and Autumn Annals, chronicle of Lu State (722-481 BC)
- the Hundred Schools of Thought, the various schools of thought and their exponents during the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods (770-220 BC)
- astronomy
- art of war; military strategy and tactics
- type; kind; category; (computer programming) type
- (idiom) to like sth so much that one is reluctant to put it down; to find sth utterly irresistible
- to skim (through a book); to read cursorily; to dip into
- again; once more; re-
- to review (a lesson etc)
- Confucius (551-479 BC), Chinese thinker and social philosopher, also known as 孔夫子[Kong3 fu1 zi3]
- to review the old and know the new (idiom, from the Analects); to recall the past to understand the future
- general; popular; everywhere; universal
- 老子 lǎo zi: 老子 lao3 zi5: father; daddy; "I, your father" (in anger, or out of contempt); I (used arrogantly or jocularly)老子 Lǎo zǐ: 老子 Lao3 zi3: Laozi or Lao-tze (c. 500 BC), Chinese philosopher, the founder of Taoism; the sacred book of Daoism, 道德經|道德经[Dao4 de2 jing1] by Laozi
- The Analects of Confucius 孔子[Kong3 zi3]
- people of ancient times; the ancients; extinct human species such as Homo erectus or Homo neanderthalensis; (literary) deceased person
- way; method; manner; mode; pattern (of behavior etc); CL:種|种[zhong3]
- to attach importance to sth; to value
- to read carefully and thoroughly; intensive reading
- not to mind taking all the trouble (idiom); to take great pains; to be very patient
- 义 Yì: 义 Yi4: surname Yi; (Tw) Italy (abbr. for 義大利|义大利[Yi4 da4 li4])义 yì: 义 yi4: justice; righteousness; meaning; foster (father etc); adopted; artificial (tooth, limb etc); relationship; friendship
- intelligent; clever; bright; acute (of sight and hearing)
- muddled and completely collapsing (idiom); in an awful condition; complete shambles; a total mess
- to require; to need; to want; necessity; need
- to know by heart (so well that you can recite it backwards)
- a person of foresight; (religion) a prophet
- child prodigy
- disciple
- (idiom) to foresee the future (without divination); to know beforehand through uncanny insight
- Lu, vassal state at the time of the Zhou Dynasty 周朝|周朝[Zhou1 chao2], located in the southwest of present-day Shandong 山東|山东[Shan1 dong1], birthplace of Confucius