- self-study; to study on one's own
- anxious to learn; keen for knowledge
- basic; fundamental; main; elementary
- to match; to tally
- to forge (metal); forging
- will; willpower; determination
- courage
- to come to realize; to appreciate (feelings)
- to come by; to obtain through some means
- to be good at; to be adept at
- to stand aside and do nothing (idiom); to take no part in
- gist; main idea; general tenor; one's judgment
- external; foreign; outside
- to adopt; to employ; to use
- deluge; flood
- to overflow; to inundate; to flood; (fig.) to proliferate unchecked
- 正统 Zhèng tǒng: 正统 Zheng4 tong3: Zhengtong Emperor, reign name of sixth Ming Emperor Zhu Qizhen 朱祁鎮|朱祁镇[Zhu1 Qi2 zhen4] (1427-1464), reigned 1435-1449, temple name Yingzong 英宗[Ying1 zong1]正统 zhèng tǒng: 正统 zheng4 tong3: orthodoxy; tradition; orthodox; traditional; principles of dynastic succession; (of an heir) legitimate
- to view as; to see as; to consider to be; to deem
- cosmology
- yin and yang
- mathematics
- chemistry; chemical
- physics
- Mozi (c. 470–391 BC), founder of the Mohist School 墨家[Mo4 jia1], which flourished during the Warring States period (475–220 BC)
- to form an image; imaging
- 沈 Shěn: 沈 Shen3: surname Shen沈 shěn: 沈 shen3: (literary) juice沈 Shěn: 沈 Shen3: short name for 瀋陽|沈阳[Shen3 yang2]
- oil; petroleum
- cognition; cognitive; understanding; perception; awareness; to be cognizant of; to recognize; to realize
- geology
- fossil
- and; as well as
- rustic; low; base; mean; to despise; to scorn
- to fulfill (a promise); to tread; to walk
- shoe; to tread on
- to bewilder; crazy about; fan; enthusiast; lost; confused
- military science
- on the market
- (of a contagious disease etc) to spread; to propagate; (of a style of clothing, song etc) popular; fashionable
- “Art of War”, one of the Seven Military Classics of ancient China 武經七書|武经七书[Wu3 jing1 Qi1 shu1], written by Sun Tzu 孫子|孙子[Sun1 zi3]
- Wuzi, one of the Seven Military Classics of ancient China 武經七書|武经七书[Wu3 jing1 Qi1 shu1], written by Wu Qi 吳起|吴起[Wu2 Qi3]
- “Six Secret Strategic Teachings”, one of the Seven Military Classics of ancient China 武經七書|武经七书[Wu3 jing1 Qi1 shu1], attributed to Jiang Ziya 姜子牙[Jiang1 Zi3 ya2]
- “Methods of Sima”, also called “Sima Rangju’s Art of War”, one of the Seven Military Classics of ancient China 武經七書|武经七书[Wu3 jing1 Qi1 shu1], written by Sima Rangju 司馬穰苴|司马穰苴[Si1 ma3 Rang2 ju1]
- brief; sketchy; outline; summary; to omit; (bound form before a single-character verb) a bit; somewhat; slightly; plan; strategy; to capture (territory)
- Wei Lao (c. 450 BC, dates of birth and death unknown), advisor to the first Qin emperor Qin Shihuang 秦始皇[Qin2 Shi3 huang2], possible author of the Wei Liaozi 尉繚子|尉缭子[Wei4 Liao2 zi5] text on military strategy