- to decipher; to decode; to interpret
- complete; intact
- to restore to the original state; to reconstruct (an event); reduction (chemistry)
- 上 shàng: 上 shang4: (bound form) up; upper; above; previous; first (of multiple parts); to climb; to get onto; to go up; to attend (class or university); (directional complement) up; (noun suffix) on; above上 shǎng: 上 shang3: used in 上聲|上声[shang3 sheng1]
- true; real
- 的 dī: 的 di1: a taxi; a cab (abbr. for 的士[di1 shi4])的 de: 的 de5: of; ~'s (possessive particle); (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun); (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis); (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的[pi2 ge2 de5] "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的|跑堂儿的[pao3 tang2 r5 de5] "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的[xin1 de5] "new one"); also pr. [di4] or [di5] in poetry and songs的 dí: 的 di2: really and truly的 dì: 的 di4: (bound form) bull's-eye; target
- civil servant; public servant
- all-around; comprehensive; total; overall
- to unfold before one's eyes; to emerge; to reveal; to display
- 明朝 Míng cháo: 明朝 Ming2 chao2: Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)明朝 míng zhāo: 明朝 ming2 zhao1: tomorrow morning; the following morning
- (before an adjective or verb) to the highest degree; (the) most ...; -est; (after 之[zhi1]) best or most extreme example (e.g. 世界之最[shi4 jie4 zhi1 zui4] "the greatest in the world")
- huge; great; grand; worthy of the greatest admiration; important (contribution etc)
- statesman; politician; CL:個|个[ge4],位[wei4],名[ming2]
- reformer
- surging forward with great momentum; unfolding on a magnificent scale
- all one's life; throughout one's life
- super-; ultra-; hyper-
- best-seller; best-selling book; blockbuster
- Wang Yangming (1472-1529), Ming dynasty Neo-Confucian philosopher, influential in the School of Mind 心學|心学[xin1 xue2]
- Liu Bowen (1311-1375), general under the first Ming emperor Zhu Yuanzhang 朱元璋[Zhu1 Yuan2 zhang1], with a reputation as a military genius, also called Liu Ji 劉基|刘基[Liu2 Ji1]
- to put effort into (work, farming, writing etc); a masterpiece
- to persevere with; to persist in; to insist on
- pragmatism
- 看 kān: 看 kan1: to look after; to take care of; to watch; to guard看 kàn: 看 kan4: to see; to look at; to read; to watch; to visit; to call on; to consider; to regard as; to look after; to treat (a patient or illness); to depend on; to feel (that); (after a verb) to give it a try; to watch out for
- how; what way; what
- to use; to make use of; to employ; (coverb) with; using; to need; to have to (usu. used in the negative or in questions); usefulness; utility; (bound form) expense; outlay; (courteous) to eat; to drink; (literary) hence; therefore
- to despise; to hold in contempt
- method; way; means (of doing sth); skill; ability; trick; wile
- to achieve; to implement; to realize; to bring about
- divine; hallow; holy; sacred
- an ideal; a dream; ideal; perfect
- for; for the purpose of; in order to
- to win the trust of
- emperor; CL:個|个[ge4]
- and; as well as; and so; but (not); yet (not); (indicates causal relation); (indicates change of state); (indicates contrast)
- to collude with; to collaborate with; to gang up with
- court eunuch; palace eunuch
- steady; stable; stability; to stabilize; to pacify
- border area; borderland; frontier; frontier region
- 大 dà: 大 da4: big; large; great; older (than another person); eldest (as in 大姐[da4 jie3]); greatly; freely; fully; (dialect) father; (dialect) uncle (father's brother)大 dài: 大 dai4: see 大夫[dai4 fu5]
- to receive; to accept; to collect; to put away; to restrain; to stop; in care of (used on address line after name)
- to bribe; a bribe
- reform; CL:次[ci4],種|种[zhong3],項|项[xiang4]; to reform
- dictatorship
- to arrogate power
- 以 Yǐ: 以 Yi3: abbr. for Israel 以色列[Yi3 se4 lie4]以 yǐ: 以 yi3: to use; by means of; according to; in order to; because of; at (a certain date or place)
- one; single; a (article); as soon as; entire; whole; all; throughout; "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1); also pr. [yao1] for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit