- conditioned reflex
- elevated stage on which martial competitions or duels were held; arena; ring
- eve; the day before
- 好学 hǎo xué: 好学 hao3 xue2: easy to learn好学 hào xué: 好学 hao4 xue2: eager to study; studious; erudite
- to ponder; to consider
- grave; solemn; dignified
- to be quick-witted
- youth; youthfulness
- to stir restlessly; to be agitated; commotion; agitation
- to contrast; to set off one another; to go well with
- to pay attention to; to follow sth closely; to follow (on social media); concern; interest; attention
- to dare to; to be brave enough to
- to take upon oneself; to assume
- marrow; pith; quintessence; essence
- teachers and students
- to evolve (biologically, technologically etc); evolution
- energetically; vigorously
- 满 Mǎn: 满 Man3: Manchu ethnic group满 mǎn: 满 man3: to fill; full; filled; packed; fully; completely; quite; to reach the limit; to satisfy; satisfied; contented
- belly
- have no choice or option but to; cannot but; have to; can't help it; can't avoid
- to overflow; to spill over; (computing) overflow
- 论 lùn: 论 lun4: opinion; view; theory; doctrine; to discuss; to talk about; to regard; to consider; per; by the (kilometer, hour etc)论 Lún: 论 Lun2: abbr. for 論語|论语[Lun2 yu3], The Analects (of Confucius)
- current politics; political situation of the time
- initial stage; beginning period
- to crystallize; crystallization; crystal; crystalline; (fig.) the fruit (of labor etc)
- a sketch; rough drawing
- public finance; government finance
- frontier defense
- style of governing (of minor official); achievement in office
- official in feudal court; subject
- countless; numberless; innumerable
- lit. as numerous as the hairs of an ox (idiom); fig. innumerable; countless
- large tail obstructs action (idiom); bottom heavy; fig. rendered ineffective by subordinates
- 供养 gōng yǎng: 供养 gong1 yang3: to supply; to provide for one's elders; to support one's parents供养 gòng yǎng: 供养 gong4 yang3: to make offerings to (gods or ancestors); Taiwan pr. [gong4yang4]
- (conjunction linking two nouns) and its ...; and their ...; and his ...; and her ...
- half
- to do with difficulty; to force sb to do sth; reluctant; barely enough
- income does not cover expenditure; unable to make ends meet
- to tidy up; to reorganize; to consolidate; to rectify
- as for; as to; to go so far as to
- (old) to report to one's master
- 无为 Wú wéi: 无为 Wu2 wei2: see 無為市|无为市[Wu2 wei2 Shi4]无为 wú wéi: 无为 wu2 wei2: the Daoist doctrine of inaction; let things take their own course; laissez-faire