- as to; considering; for
- once; already; former; previously; ever; (past tense marker used before verb or clause)
- 说法 shūo fǎ: 说法 shuo1 fa3: to expound Buddhist teachings说法 shūo fa: 说法 shuo1 fa5: way of speaking; wording; formulation; one's version (of events); statement; theory; hypothesis; interpretation
- to call; to be called
- to rule; to govern; to manage; to control; to harness (a river); to treat (a disease); to wipe out (a pest); to punish; to research
- Song Dynasty (960-1279); also Song of Southern dynasties 南朝宋 (420-479)
- prime minister (in feudal China)
- general; popular; everywhere; universal
- 故事 gù shi: 故事 gu4 shi5: narrative; story; tale故事 gù shì: 故事 gu4 shi4: old practice
- has its origins in
- to shout; to call; to order; to ask; to be called; by (indicates agent in the passive mood)
- 林 Lín: 林 Lin2: surname Lin; Japanese surname Hayashi林 lín: 林 lin2: (bound form) woods; forest; (bound form) circle(s) (i.e. specific group of people); (bound form) a collection (of similar things)
- to write; literary work; book; article; writings; CL:部[bu4]
- all one's life; throughout one's life
- to achieve or accomplish goals
- an era; an age; a generation
- (bound form) meritorious accomplishment
- deputy
- books; works
- apart from; besides; in addition to (used to exclude, as in 除了他，誰也沒來|除了他，谁也没来[chu2 le5 ta1 , shei2 ye3 mei2 lai2] "apart from him, nobody came", or to include, as in 除了英語，他也會法語|除了英语，他也会法语[chu2 le5 Ying1 yu3 , ta1 ye3 hui4 Fa3 yu3] "in addition to English, he also knows French"); (used to introduce one of two habitual alternatives in the pattern 除了[chu2 le5] + A + 就是[jiu4 shi4] + B, "either A or B")
- outside; excluding
- genuine or fake; true or false
- whatever; no matter what (who, how etc); regardless of; not to discuss
- 单 Shàn: 单 Shan4: surname Shan单 dān: 单 dan1: bill; list; form; single; only; sole; odd number; CL:個|个[ge4]单 chán: 单 chan2: used in 單于|单于[chan2 yu2]
- itself; in itself; per se
- to exaggerate; overstated; exaggerated; hyperbole; (coll.) excessive; ridiculous; outrageous
- faculty of memory; ability to remember
- can't remember
- can only; obliged to do sth; to have no other choice
- to remember; to bear in mind; to learn by heart
- repeatedly; over and over; to upend; unstable; to come and go; (of an illness) to return
- to read out; to recite; to remember sb (while talking about sth else)
- incantation; spell; enchantment; curse
- unceasing; uninterrupted; continuous; constant
- to spiral; to circle; to go around; to hover; to orbit
- immediately; at once; right away
- (of a thought or image) to come to mind; (of a smile etc) to appear (on sb's face); (of a problem etc) to emerge
- to help; to assist; to support; for sb (i.e. as a help); hired (as worker); side (of pail, boat etc); outer layer; upper (of a shoe); group; gang; clique; party; secret society
- to disentangle (wiring etc); (fig.) to clarify (one's thoughts etc)
- line of thought; way of thinking
- difficult problem
- to grasp (also fig.); to seize; to hold; assurance; certainty; sure (of the outcome)