- (after a verb or adjective) one who (is) ...; (after a noun) person involved in ...; -er; -ist; (used after a number or 後|后[hou4] or 前[qian2] to refer to sth mentioned previously); (used after a term, to mark a pause before defining the term); (old) (used at the end of a command); (old) this
- land under heaven; the whole world; the whole of China; realm; rule
- (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的[de5]); him; her; it
- (bound form) root; stem; (bound form) origin; source; (bound form) one's own; this; (bound form) this; the current (year etc); (bound form) original; (bound form) inherent; originally; initially; capital; principal; classifier for books, periodicals, files etc
- to open (transitive or intransitive); (of ships, vehicles, troops etc) to start; to turn on; to put in operation; to operate; to run; to boil; to write out (a prescription, check, invoice etc); (directional complement) away; off; carat (gold); abbr. for Kelvin, 開爾文|开尔文[Kai1 er3 wen2]; abbr. for 開本|开本[kai1 ben3], book format
- 籍 Jí: 籍 Ji2: surname Ji籍 jí: 籍 ji2: (bound form) book; record; register; (bound form) place of one's family or ancestral records; (bound form) membership
- 田 tián: 田 tian2: field; farm; CL:片[pian4]田 Tián: 田 Tian2: surname Tian
- (used by an emperor or king) I; me; we (royal "we"); (literary) omen
- (literary) body (of a human, esp. the torso); (bound form) to bow; (literary) oneself; personally
- 帅 shuài: 帅 shuai4: (bound form) commander-in-chief; (bound form) to lead; to command; handsome; graceful; dashing; elegant; (coll.) cool!; sweet!; (Chinese chess) general (on the red side, equivalent to a king in Western chess)帅 Shuài: 帅 Shuai4: surname Shuai
- 给 jǐ: 给 ji3: to supply; to provide给 gěi: 给 gei3: to; for; for the benefit of; to give; to allow; to do sth (for sb); (grammatical equivalent of 被); (grammatical equivalent of 把); (sentence intensifier)
- temple; ancestral shrine
- common millet
- 盛 Shèng: 盛 Sheng4: surname Sheng盛 chéng: 盛 cheng2: to hold; to contain; to ladle; to pick up with a utensil盛 shèng: 盛 sheng4: flourishing; vigorous; magnificent; extensively
- among the people; popular; folk; non-governmental; involving people rather than governments
- 官 Guān: 官 Guan1: surname Guan官 guān: 官 guan1: government official; governmental; official; public; organ of the body; CL:個|个[ge4]
- 古 gǔ: 古 gu3: ancient; old; paleo-古 Gǔ: 古 Gu3: surname Gu
- to make; to cause; to enable; to use; to employ; to send; to instruct sb to do sth; envoy; messenger
- 民 mín: 民 min2: (bound form) the people; inhabitants of a country民 Mín: 民 Min2: surname Min
- as; as if; such as
- to borrow; (used in combination with 給|给[gei3] or 出[chu1] etc) to lend; to make use of; to avail oneself of; (sometimes followed by 著|着[zhe5]) by; with
- to annotate; to add a comment; explanatory note; annotation
- quotation; citation
- 见 xiàn: 见 xian4: to appear; also written 現|现[xian4]见 jiàn: 见 jian4: to see; to meet; to appear (to be sth); to interview; opinion; view
- Zuo Zhuan or Tsochuan, Mr Zuo's Annals or Mr Zuo's commentary on 春秋[Chun1 qiu1], early history c. 400 BC attributed to famous blind historian Zuo Qiuming 左丘明[Zuo3 Qiu1 ming2]
- 襄 xiāng: 襄 xiang1: (literary) to assist襄 Xiāng: 襄 Xiang1: surname Xiang
- public; collectively owned; common; international (e.g. high seas, metric system, calendar); make public; fair; just; Duke, highest of five orders of nobility 五等爵位[wu3 deng3 jue2 wei4]; honorable (gentlemen); father-in-law; male (animal)
- seven; 7
- here
- finger; to point at or to; to indicate or refer to; to depend on; to count on; (of hair) to stand on end
- 吉利 jí lì: 吉利 ji2 li4: auspicious; lucky; propitious吉利 Jí lì: 吉利 Ji2 li4: Geely, Chinese car make
- 周 Zhōu: 周 Zhou1: surname Zhou; Zhou Dynasty (1046–256 BC)周 zhōu: 周 zhou1: to make a circuit; to circle; circle; circumference; lap; cycle; complete; all; all over; thorough; to help financially周 zhōu: 周 zhou1: week; weekly
- (literary) my deceased grandfather; (literary) ancestors
- 姬 Jī: 姬 Ji1: surname Ji; family name of the royal family of the Zhou Dynasty 周代[Zhou1 dai4] (1046–256 BC)姬 jī: 姬 ji1: woman; concubine; female entertainer (archaic)
- family name; surname; to be surnamed ...
- name; noun (part of speech); place (e.g. among winners); famous; classifier for people
- to abandon; to relinquish; to discard; to throw away
- 好 hǎo: 好 hao3: good; appropriate; proper; all right!; (before a verb) easy to; (before a verb) good to; (before an adjective for exclamatory effect) so; (verb complement indicating completion); (of two people) close; on intimate terms; (after a personal pronoun) hello好 hào: 好 hao4: to be fond of; to have a tendency to; to be prone to
- farming; agriculture
- 通 tōng: 通 tong1: to go through; to know well; (suffix) expert; to connect; to communicate; open; to clear; classifier for letters, telegrams, phone calls etc通 tòng: 通 tong4: classifier for an activity, taken in its entirety (tirade of abuse, stint of music playing, bout of drinking etc)
- (literary) sowing and reaping; farm work
- 法 Fǎ: 法 Fa3: France; French; abbr. for 法國|法国[Fa3 guo2]; Taiwan pr. [Fa4]法 fǎ: 法 fa3: law; method; way; to emulate; (Buddhism) dharma; (abbr. for 法家[Fa3 jia1]) the Legalists; (physics) farad (abbr. for 法拉[fa3 la1])法 fǎ: 法 fa3: law
- all; each and every; in all cases
- to copy; to imitate
- surname Yao; Yao or Tang Yao (c. 2200 BC), one of the Five legendary Emperors 五帝[Wu3 Di4], second son of Di Ku 帝嚳|帝喾[Di4 Ku4]
- 时 shí: 时 shi2: o'clock; time; when; hour; season; period时 Shí: 时 Shi2: surname Shi
- to lift; to hold up; to cite; to enumerate; to act; to raise; to choose; to elect; act; move; deed
- 为 wéi: 为 wei2: as (in the capacity of); to take sth as; to act as; to serve as; to behave as; to become; to be; to do; by (in the passive voice)为 wèi: 为 wei4: because of; for; to