- (historical) to encourage farming; to encourage farmers to cultivate the land
- to exist; to be alive; (of sb or sth) to be (located) at; (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress)
- ritual dishes; sacrificial vessels
- inside; inner; internal; within; interior
- 供 gōng: 供 gong1: to provide; to supply; to be for (the use or convenience of)供 gòng: 供 gong4: to lay (sacrificial offerings); (bound form) offerings; to confess (Taiwan pr. [gong1]); confession; statement (Taiwan pr. [gong1])
- to offer sacrifices to the gods or ancestors
- cereal; grain
- to use; to make use of; to employ; (coverb) with; using; to need; to have to (usu. used in the negative or in questions); usefulness; utility; (bound form) expense; outlay; (courteous) to eat; to drink; (literary) hence; therefore
- actually; place; classifier for houses, small buildings, institutions etc; that which; particle introducing a relative clause or passive; CL:個|个[ge4]
- translated text
- 上 shǎng: 上 shang3: used in 上聲|上声[shang3 sheng1]上 shàng: 上 shang4: (bound form) up; upper; above; previous; first (of multiple parts); to climb; to get onto; to go up; to attend (class or university); (directional complement) up; (noun suffix) on; above
- summer
- third; three times; (math.) degree three, cubic (equation)
- to divine
- 祭 jì: 祭 ji4: to offer a sacrifice to (gods or ancestors); (in classical novels) to recite an incantation to activate a magic weapon; to wield (sth magic); (bound form) ceremony; (Tw) (bound form) (celebratory) festival祭 Zhài: 祭 Zhai4: surname Zhai
- thereupon; as a result; consequently; thus; hence
- to prevent; to avoid; to excuse; to exempt; to relieve; (of a debt) to remit
- to sacrifice one's life; to sacrifice (sth valued); beast slaughtered as a sacrifice
- I; me; my
- ability; talent; sb of a certain type; a capable individual; then and only then; just now; (before an expression of quantity) only; (emphatic, esp. in contrast or correction) really; actually
- to know; to become aware of; also pr. [zhi1dao5]
- outskirts
- for the sake of; for the purpose of
- to pray; to say a prayer
- smoothly; without a hitch
- therefore; as a result; so; the reason why
- (after a suppositional clause) in that case; then; (after a clause of action) as soon as; immediately after; (same as 就是[jiu4 shi4]) merely; nothing else but; simply; just; precisely; exactly; only; as little as; as much as; as many as; to approach; to move towards; to undertake; to engage in; (often followed by 著|着[zhe5]) taking advantage of; (of food) to go with; with regard to; concerning; (bound form) to reach; to attain (as in 一蹴而就[yi1 cu4 er2 jiu4]); (pattern: 就[jiu4] ... 也[ye3] ...) even if ... still ...; (pattern: 不[bu4] ... 就[jiu4] ...) if not ... then must be ...
- to reach; to arrive; to leave for; to go to; to (a place); until (a time); up to (a point); (verb complement indicating arriving at a place or reaching a point); considerate; thoughtful; thorough
- after; behind; (at the beginning of a sentence) afterwards; since then
- to begin; beginning; to start; initial; CL:個|个[ge4]
- now; at present; currently
- already
- 了 liǎo: 了 liao3: to finish; (used with 得[de2] or 不[bu4] after a verb to express (im)possibility, as in 忘不了[wang4 bu5 liao3] "cannot forget"); (literary) (usually followed by a negative such as 無|无[wu2] or 不[bu4]) completely (not); entirely (not); (not) in the least了 le: 了 le5: (completed action marker); (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now); (modal particle intensifying preceding clause)了 liǎo: 了 liao3: (of eyes) bright; clear-sighted; to understand clearly
- again; once more; re-; further; beyond this point of time; (before an adjective) more; then (after sth, and not until then); no matter how ... (followed by an adjective or verb, and then (usually) 也[ye3] or 都[dou1] for emphasis); (used to introduce additional information, as in 再則|再则[zai4 ze2], 再就是[zai4 jiu4 shi4] etc); (literary) to reappear; to reoccur
- to go; to go to (a place); (of a time etc) last; just passed; to send; to remove; to get rid of; to reduce; to be apart from in space or time; to die (euphemism); to play (a part); (when used either before or after a verb) to go in order to do sth; (after a verb of motion indicates movement away from the speaker); (used after certain verbs to indicate detachment or separation)
- 结果 jié gǔo: 结果 jie2 guo3: outcome; result; consequence; in the end; as a result; to kill; to dispatch结果 jiē gǔo: 结果 jie1 guo3: to bear fruit
- ought to; should; must
- Zhou dynasty (1046-221 BC)
- is precisely
- time; length of time; moment; period
- down; downwards; below; lower; later; next (week etc); second (of two parts); to decline; to go down; to arrive at (a decision, conclusion etc); measure word to show the frequency of an action
- imperial edict
- fundamental; basic; root; simply; absolutely (not); (not) at all; CL:個|个[ge4]
- to hold (a meeting, ceremony etc)
- personally; in person; oneself
- to take the lead; to show initiative
- to furnish; to provide; supply (as in supply and demand)