- to install; to place; to put; to buy
- to pass on; to hand down; tradition has it that ...; according to legend
- barely; only; merely
- foot; leg (of an animal or an object); base (of an object); CL:雙|双[shuang1],隻|只[zhi1]; classifier for kicks
- Zuo Zhuan or Tsochuan, Mr Zuo's Annals or Mr Zuo's commentary on 春秋[Chun1 qiu1], early history c. 400 BC attributed to famous blind historian Zuo Qiuming 左丘明[Zuo3 Qiu1 ming2]
- bright; clear; manifest; to show clearly
- public; collectively owned; common; international (e.g. high seas, metric system, calendar); make public; fair; just; Duke, highest of five orders of nobility 五等爵位[wu3 deng3 jue2 wei4]; honorable (gentlemen); father-in-law; male (animal)
- 年 nián: 年 nian2: year; CL:個|个[ge4]年 Nián: 年 Nian2: surname Nian年 nián: 年 nian2: grain; harvest (old)
- to take; to get; to choose; to fetch
- canon; law; standard work of scholarship; literary quotation or allusion; ceremony; to be in charge of; to mortgage or pawn
- monarch; lord; gentleman; ruler
- 长 zhǎng: 长 zhang3: chief; head; elder; to grow; to develop; to increase; to enhance长 cháng: 长 chang2: long; (bound form) length; (bound form) strong point; forte; (bound form) to be good at; (literary) surplus; spare (Taiwan pr. [zhang4])
- Xunzi, (c. 310-237 BC), Confucian philosopher; the Xunzi, a collection of philosophical writings attributed to Xunzi
- birds and beasts; fauna
- ancient times
- senior official; senior officer; commanding officer; CL:位[wei4]; sir (term of address for senior officer)
- to address sb deferentially; title; honorific
- 故事 gù shì: 故事 gu4 shi4: old practice故事 gù shi: 故事 gu4 shi5: narrative; story; tale
- another name for Han Fei 韓非|韩非[Han2 Fei1], Legalist philosopher (c. 280-233 BC); Han Feizi, book of Legalist Philosophy authored by Han Fei 韓非|韩非[Han2 Fei1] during the Warring States Period (475-220 BC)
- outside; in addition; foreign; external
- 储 Chǔ: 储 Chu3: surname Chu; Taiwan pr. [Chu2]储 chǔ: 储 chu3: (bound form) to store up; to keep in reserve; heir to the throne; Taiwan pr. [chu2]
- 左 zǔo: 左 zuo3: left; the Left (politics); east; unorthodox; queer; wrong; differing; opposite左 Zǔo: 左 Zuo3: surname Zuo
- down; downwards; below; lower; later; next (week etc); second (of two parts); to decline; to go down; to arrive at (a decision, conclusion etc); measure word to show the frequency of an action
- related; relevant; pertinent; to be interrelated; (statistics) correlation
- to write down; to record; written account
- lit. “Mr. Lü's Spring and Autumn (Annals)”, compendium of the philosophies of the Hundred Schools of Thought 諸子百家|诸子百家[zhu1 zi3 bai3 jia1], compiled around 239 BC under the patronage of Qin Dynasty 秦代[Qin2 dai4] Chancellor Lü Buwei 呂不韋|吕不韦[Lu:3 Bu4 wei2]
- 传 zhuàn: 传 zhuan4: biography; historical narrative; commentaries; relay station传 chuán: 传 chuan2: to pass on; to spread; to transmit; to infect; to transfer; to circulate; to conduct (electricity)
- 夏 xià: 夏 xia4: summer夏 Xià: 夏 Xia4: the Xia or Hsia dynasty c. 2000 BC; Xia of the Sixteen Kingdoms (407–432); surname Xia
- 过 gùo: 过 guo4: to cross; to go over; to pass (time); to celebrate (a holiday); to live; to get along; excessively; too-过 Gūo: 过 Guo1: surname Guo过 guo: 过 guo5: (experienced action marker)
- 卫 Wèi: 卫 Wei4: surname Wei; vassal state during the Zhou Dynasty (1066–221 BC), located in present-day Henan and Hebei Provinces卫 wèi: 卫 wei4: to guard; to protect; to defend; abbr. for 衛生|卫生, hygiene; health; abbr. for 衛生間|卫生间, toilet
- 读 dòu: 读 dou4: comma; phrase marked by pause读 dú: 读 du2: to read out; to read aloud; to read; to attend (school); to study (a subject in school); to pronounce
- 史 Shǐ: 史 Shi3: surname Shi史 shǐ: 史 shi3: history; annals; title of an official historian in ancient China
- reporter; journalist; CL:個|个[ge4]
- self; oneself; sixth of the ten Heavenly Stems 十天干[shi2 tian1 gan1]; sixth in order; letter "F" or Roman "VI" in list "A, B, C", or "I, II, III" etc; hexa
- close; similar to
- 12th earthly branch: 9-11 p.m., 10th solar month (7th November-6th December), year of the Boar; ancient Chinese compass point: 330°
- similar; alike
- as for; as to; to go so far as to
- and; as well as; and so; but (not); yet (not); (indicates causal relation); (indicates change of state); (indicates contrast)
- to ask; to inquire
- (literary) (conjunction used to express contrast with a previous clause) but; then; (bound form) standard; norm; (bound form) principle; (literary) to imitate; to follow; classifier for written items
- (literary) to wade across a body of water; (bound form) to experience; to undergo; to be involved; to concern
- river (CL:條|条[tiao2],道[dao4]); (bound form) the Yellow River; (bound form) the Milky Way; (bound form) (on restaurant menus) rice noodles 河粉[he2 fen3]
- (bound form) sun; day; day of the month; (bound form) Japan (abbr. for 日本[Ri4 ben3]); (vulgar) to fuck; to have sex with