- 许 Xǔ: 许 Xu3: surname Xu许 xǔ: 许 xu3: to allow; to permit; to promise; to praise; somewhat; perhaps
- classical final particle, similar to modern 了[le5]
- guilt; crime; fault; blame; sin
- to be (followed by substantives only); correct; right; true; (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well; (adverb for emphatic assertion)
- although; even though
- chancellor (of a monarchy); cabinet minister
- also
- all; each and every; in all cases
- to depend on; to comply with or listen to sb; according to; in the light of
- to collapse; to fall into ruins; death of king or emperor; demise
- to rebel; to rise in revolt
- 危 wēi: 危 wei1: danger; to endanger; Taiwan pr. [wei2]危 Wēi: 危 Wei1: surname Wei
- state; country; the Gods of earth and grain
- 与 yù: 与 yu4: to take part in与 yǔ: 与 yu3: (formal) and; together with (linking parallel nouns, verbs, or phrases); (formal) with; from (marking the other participant in an interaction, comparison, or contrast, e.g. 與他握手|与他握手[yu3 ta1 wo4 shou3] "shake hands with him", 與去年不同|与去年不同[yu3 qu4 nian2 bu4 tong2] "different from last year"); (literary) to give; to grant; to bestow
- Zhou Bo (?-169 BC), military man and politician at the Qin-Han transition, a founding minister of Western Han
- common; general; to share; together; total; altogether; abbr. for 共產黨|共产党[Gong4 chan3 dang3], Communist party
- to wipe out; to exterminate
- senior; of a senior generation; to honor; to respect; honorific; classifier for cannons and statues; ancient wine vessel
- 封 Fēng: 封 Feng1: surname Feng封 fēng: 封 feng1: to confer; to grant; to bestow a title; to seal; classifier for sealed objects, esp. letters
- (bound form) to confer; to bestow; to grant; (literary) gift; favor; Taiwan pr. [si4]
- gold; golden (opportunity); prime (time)
- two; 2; (Beijing dialect) stupid
- death of a prince; swarming
- to annotate; to add a comment; explanatory note; annotation
- (bound form) root; stem; (bound form) origin; source; (bound form) one's own; this; (bound form) this; the current (year etc); (bound form) original; (bound form) inherent; originally; initially; capital; principal; classifier for books, periodicals, files etc
- (literary) (conjunction used to express contrast with a previous clause) but; then; (bound form) standard; norm; (bound form) principle; (literary) to imitate; to follow; classifier for written items
- quotation; citation
- 见 jiàn: 见 jian4: to see; to meet; to appear (to be sth); to interview; opinion; view见 xiàn: 见 xian4: to appear; also written 現|现[xian4]
- five; 5
- 传 chuán: 传 chuan2: to pass on; to spread; to transmit; to infect; to transfer; to circulate; to conduct (electricity)传 zhuàn: 传 zhuan4: biography; historical narrative; commentaries; relay station
- 朱 Zhū: 朱 Zhu1: surname Zhu朱 zhū: 朱 zhu1: vermilion朱 zhū: 朱 zhu1: (bound form) cinnabar
- emptiness; void; abstract theory or guiding principles; empty or unoccupied; diffident or timid; false; humble or modest; (of health) weak; virtual; in vain
- Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-8 AD), also called 前漢|前汉[Qian2 Han4], Former Han Dynasty
- 国 gúo: 国 guo2: country; nation; state; (bound form) national国 Gúo: 国 Guo2: surname Guo
- to rule; to govern; to manage; to control; to harness (a river); to treat (a disease); to wipe out (a pest); to punish; to research
- now; the present time; current; contemporary; this (day, year etc)
- see 山東省|山东省[Shan1 dong1 Sheng3]
- see 臨朐縣|临朐县[Lin2 qu2 Xian4]
- southeast
- fat; fertile; loose-fitting or large; to fertilize; to become rich by illegal means; fertilizer; manure
- posthumous name of the first Han emperor Liu Bang 劉邦|刘邦 (256 or 247-195 BC), reigned 202-195 BC
- Liu Bang (256 or 247-195 BC), bandit leader who became first Han emperor Han Gaozu 漢高祖|汉高祖 (reigned 202-195 BC)
- 的 dí: 的 di2: really and truly的 dì: 的 di4: (bound form) bull's-eye; target的 dī: 的 di1: a taxi; a cab (abbr. for 的士[di1 shi4])的 de: 的 de5: of; ~'s (possessive particle); (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun); (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis); (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的[pi2 ge2 de5] "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的|跑堂儿的[pao3 tang2 r5 de5] "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的[xin1 de5] "new one"); also pr. [di4] or [di5] in poetry and songs
- illegitimate son
- 六 lìu: 六 liu4: six; 6六 lù: 六 lu4: used in place names