- and; as well as; and so; but (not); yet (not); (indicates causal relation); (indicates change of state); (indicates contrast)
- to do textual research; to make textual criticism; to verify by means of research (esp. historical details); to take an exam to get a certificate (abbr. for 考取證件|考取证件[kao3 qu3 zheng4 jian4])
- 和 hé: 和 he2: (joining two nouns) and; together with; with (Taiwan pr. [han4]); (math.) sum; to make peace; (sports) to draw; to tie; (bound form) harmonious; (bound form) Japan; Japanese和 hè: 和 he4: to compose a poem in reply (to sb's poem) using the same rhyme sequence; to join in the singing; to chime in with others和 hú: 和 hu2: to complete a set in mahjong or playing cards和 húo: 和 huo2: to combine a powdery substance (flour, plaster etc) with water; Taiwan pr. [huo4]和 hùo: 和 huo4: to mix (ingredients) together; to blend; classifier for rinses of clothes; classifier for boilings of medicinal herbs和 Hé: 和 He2: surname He
- important; significant; major
- material; resources; data; information; profile (Internet); CL:份[fen4],個|个[ge4]
- to explain; to release; Buddha (abbr. for 釋迦牟尼|释迦牟尼[Shi4 jia1 mou2 ni2]); Buddhism
- 作 zūo: 作 zuo1: (bound form) worker; (bound form) workshop; (slang) troublesome; high-maintenance (person)作 zùo: 作 zuo4: to do; to engage in; to write; to compose; to pretend; to feign; to regard as; to consider to be; to be; to act the part of; to feel (itchy, nauseous etc); writings; works
- 高 gāo: 高 gao1: high; tall; above average; loud; your (honorific)高 Gāo: 高 Gao1: surname Gao
- inhuman; (literary) an unworthy person (to appoint, to marry etc)
- 语 yù: 语 yu4: (literary) to tell; to let (sb) know语 yǔ: 语 yu3: dialect; language; speech
- 见 xiàn: 见 xian4: to appear; also written 現|现[xian4]见 jiàn: 见 jian4: to see; to meet; to appear (to be sth); to interview; opinion; view
- Zuo Zhuan or Tsochuan, Mr Zuo's Annals or Mr Zuo's commentary on 春秋[Chun1 qiu1], early history c. 400 BC attributed to famous blind historian Zuo Qiuming 左丘明[Zuo3 Qiu1 ming2]
- 庄 Zhuāng: 庄 Zhuang1: surname Zhuang庄 zhuāng: 庄 zhuang1: farmstead; village; manor; place of business; banker (in a gambling game); grave or solemn; holdings of a landlord (in imperial China)
- public; collectively owned; common; international (e.g. high seas, metric system, calendar); make public; fair; just; Duke, highest of five orders of nobility 五等爵位[wu3 deng3 jue2 wei4]; honorable (gentlemen); father-in-law; male (animal)
- 年 Nián: 年 Nian2: surname Nian年 nián: 年 nian2: year; CL:個|个[ge4]年 nián: 年 nian2: grain; harvest (old)
- 大 dà: 大 da4: big; large; great; older (than another person); eldest (as in 大姐[da4 jie3]); greatly; freely; fully; (dialect) father; (dialect) uncle (father's brother)大 dài: 大 dai4: see 大夫[dai4 fu5]
- big and strong; formidable; powerful
- matter; thing; item; work; affair; CL:件[jian4],樁|桩[zhuang1],回[hui2]
- 晋 jìn: 晋 jin4: to move forward; to promote; to advance晋 Jìn: 晋 Jin4: surname Jin; the Jin Dynasties (265–420); Western Jin 西晉|西晋[Xi1 Jin4] (265–316), Eastern Jin 東晉|东晋[Dong1 Jin4] (317–420) and Later Jin Dynasty (936–946); short name for Shanxi 山西[Shan1 xi1]
- namely; that is; i.e.; prompt; at once; at present; even if; prompted (by the occasion); to approach; to come into contact; to assume (office); to draw near
- 赵 zhào: 赵 zhao4: to surpass (old)赵 Zhào: 赵 Zhao4: surname Zhao; one of the seven states during the Warring States period (476–220 BC); the Former Zhao 前趙|前赵[Qian2 Zhao4] (304–329) and Later Zhao 後趙|后赵[Hou4 Zhao4] (319–350), states of the Sixteen Kingdoms
- 武 Wǔ: 武 Wu3: surname Wu武 wǔ: 武 wu3: martial; military
- 春秋 Chūn qīu: 春秋 Chun1 qiu1: Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC); Spring and Autumn Annals, chronicle of Lu State (722-481 BC)春秋 chūn qīu: 春秋 chun1 qiu1: spring and autumn; four seasons; year; a person's age; annals (used in book titles)
- 时 Shí: 时 Shi2: surname Shi时 shí: 时 shi2: o'clock; time; when; hour; season; period
- 正 zhèng: 正 zheng4: straight; upright; proper; main; principal; to correct; to rectify; exactly; just (at that time); right (in that place); (math.) positive正 zhēng: 正 zheng1: first month of the lunar year
- high ranking official (old); term of endearment between spouses (old); (from the Tang Dynasty onwards) term used by the emperor for his subjects (old); honorific (old)
- also
- 称 chēng: 称 cheng1: to weigh; to state; to name; name; appellation; to praise称 chèn: 称 chen4: to fit; to match; to suit; (coll.) to have; to possess; Taiwan pr. [cheng4]
- 孟 Mèng: 孟 Meng4: surname Meng孟 mèng: 孟 meng4: first month of a season; eldest amongst brothers
- to assist (usually a ruler)
- to mourn; to lament
- 平 píng: 平 ping2: flat; level; equal; to tie (make the same score); to draw (score); calm; peaceful; abbr. for 平聲|平声[ping2 sheng1]平 Píng: 平 Ping2: surname Ping
- to make; to cause; to enable; to use; to employ; to send; to instruct sb to do sth; envoy; messenger
- to revive; to rejuvenate
- (bound form) posthumous name or title; (literary) to confer a posthumous name or title
- 文 Wén: 文 Wen2: surname Wen文 wén: 文 wen2: language; culture; writing; formal; literary; gentle; (old) classifier for coins; Kangxi radical 67
- 子 zi: 子 zi5: noun suffix, as in 椅子[yi3 zi5] "chair"子 zǐ: 子 zi3: son; child; seed; egg; small thing; 1st earthly branch: 11 p.m.–1 a.m., midnight, 11th solar month (7th December to 5th January), year of the rat; viscount, fourth of five orders of nobility 五等爵位[wu3 deng3 jue2 wei4]; ancient Chinese compass point: 0° (north); subsidiary; subordinate; (prefix) sub-
- used in 肸肸[xi1 xi1]; used in 肸蠁|肸蚃[xi1 xiang3]; Taiwan pr. [xi4]
- to exist; to be alive; (of sb or sth) to be (located) at; (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress)
- 杨 Yáng: 杨 Yang2: surname Yang杨 yáng: 杨 yang2: poplar
- also known as
- descendant
- bright; clear; manifest; to show clearly
- adviser; consultant