- 坎 kǎn: 坎 kan3: pit; threshold; one of the Eight Trigrams 八卦[ba1 gua4], symbolizing water; ☵坎 kǎn: 坎 kan3: pit; hole
- divinatory diagram; one of the eight divinatory trigrams of the Book of Changes 易經|易经[Yi4 jing1]; one of the sixty-four divinatory hexagrams of the Book of Changes 易經|易经[Yi4 jing1]
- to foretell the future using the trigrams of the Book of Changes 易經|易经
- Zuo Zhuan or Tsochuan, Mr Zuo's Annals or Mr Zuo's commentary on 春秋[Chun1 qiu1], early history c. 400 BC attributed to famous blind historian Zuo Qiuming 左丘明[Zuo3 Qiu1 ming2]
- 僖 Xī: 僖 Xi1: surname Xi僖 xī: 僖 xi1: cautious; merry; joyful
- public; collectively owned; common; international (e.g. high seas, metric system, calendar); make public; fair; just; Duke, highest of five orders of nobility 五等爵位[wu3 deng3 jue2 wei4]; honorable (gentlemen); father-in-law; male (animal)
- 年 nián: 年 nian2: year; CL:個|个[ge4]年 Nián: 年 Nian2: surname Nian年 nián: 年 nian2: grain; harvest (old)
- the state of Qin, one of the seven states of the Warring States Period (475-220 BC)
- 蹇 Jiǎn: 蹇 Jian3: surname Jian蹇 jiǎn: 蹇 jian3: lame; cripple; unfortunate; slow; difficult; nag (inferior horse); donkey; lame horse
- uncle; father's younger brother; husband's younger brother; Taiwan pr. [shu2]
- name of a mountain in Henan; also pr. [Yao2]
- two; both; some; a few; tael, unit of weight equal to 50 grams (modern) or 1⁄16 of a catty 斤[jin1] (old)
- 个 gě: 个 ge3: used in 自個兒|自个儿[zi4 ge3 r5]个 gè: 个 ge4: (classifier used before a noun that has no specific classifier); (bound form) individual
- mountain top
- distance apart; separated by a given distance
- happening; instance; reason; cause; intentional; former; old; friend; therefore; hence; (of people) to die, dead
- mountain road
- 上 shàng: 上 shang4: (bound form) up; upper; above; previous; first (of multiple parts); to climb; to get onto; to go up; to attend (class or university); (directional complement) up; (noun suffix) on; above上 shǎng: 上 shang3: used in 上聲|上声[shang3 sheng1]
- steep slope; steep incline
- down; downwards; below; lower; later; next (week etc); second (of two parts); to decline; to go down; to arrive at (a decision, conclusion etc); measure word to show the frequency of an action
- to face; to overlook; to arrive; to be (just) about to; just before
- to cut short; extinct; to disappear; to vanish; absolutely; by no means
- mountain stream
- cannot; must not; should not
- to advance together
- Xia or Hsia dynasty c. 2000 BC
- 的 dí: 的 di2: really and truly的 de: 的 de5: of; ~'s (possessive particle); (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun); (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis); (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的[pi2 ge2 de5] "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的|跑堂儿的[pao3 tang2 r5 de5] "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的[xin1 de5] "new one"); also pr. [di4] or [di5] in poetry and songs的 dī: 的 di1: a taxi; a cab (abbr. for 的士[di1 shi4])的 dì: 的 di4: (bound form) bull's-eye; target
- monarch; sovereign
- name; noun (part of speech); place (e.g. among winners); famous; classifier for people
- (emperor of Xia dynasty); cruel
- father's father; paternal grandfather
- monarch
- namely; that is; i.e.; prompt; at once; at present; even if; prompted (by the occasion); to approach; to come into contact; to assume (office); to draw near
- King Wen of Zhou state (c. 1152-1056 BC), reigned c. 1099-1056 BC as king of Zhou state, leading figure in building the subsequent Western Zhou dynasty, father of King Wu of Zhou 周武王[Zhou1 Wu3 wang2] the first Zhou dynasty king
- Eastern or later Han dynasty, 25-220
- 属 zhǔ: 属 zhu3: to join together; to fix one's attention on; to concentrate on属 shǔ: 属 shu3: category; genus (taxonomy); family members; dependents; to belong to; subordinate to; affiliated with; be born in the year of (one of the 12 animals); to be; to prove to be; to constitute
- to rule; to govern; to manage; to control; to harness (a river); to treat (a disease); to wipe out (a pest); to punish; to research
- see 河南省[He2 nan2 Sheng3]; see 河南蒙古族自治縣|河南蒙古族自治县[He2 nan2 Meng2 gu3 zu2 Zi4 zhi4 xian4]
- matter; thing; item; work; affair; CL:件[jian4],樁|桩[zhuang1],回[hui2]
- 单 Shàn: 单 Shan4: surname Shan单 dān: 单 dan1: bill; list; form; single; only; sole; odd number; CL:個|个[ge4]单 chán: 单 chan2: used in 單于|单于[chan2 yu2]
- 襄 Xiāng: 襄 Xiang1: surname Xiang襄 xiāng: 襄 xiang1: (literary) to assist
- 子 zǐ: 子 zi3: son; child; seed; egg; small thing; 1st earthly branch: 11 p.m.–1 a.m., midnight, 11th solar month (7th December to 5th January), year of the rat; viscount, fourth of five orders of nobility 五等爵位[wu3 deng3 jue2 wei4]; ancient Chinese compass point: 0° (north); subsidiary; subordinate; (prefix) sub-子 zi: 子 zi5: noun suffix, as in 椅子[yi3 zi5] "chair"
- 大夫 dà fū: 大夫 da4 fu1: senior official (in imperial China)大夫 dài fu: 大夫 dai4 fu5: doctor; physician