- prefix used before the surname of a person or a numeral indicating the order of birth of the children in a family or to indicate affection or familiarity; old (of people); venerable (person); experienced; of long standing; always; all the time; of the past; very; outdated; (of meat etc) tough
- words; speech; to say; to talk
- excessive; undue; to exceed; to be more than; very; extremely; (dialect) what; whatever (Taiwan pr. [shen2])
- 尚 Shàng: 尚 Shang4: surname Shang尚 shàng: 尚 shang4: still; yet; to value; to esteem
- (Confucianism) rites and music (the means of regulating society)
- not yet; did not; have not; not; 8th earthly branch: 1-3 p.m., 6th solar month (7th July-6th August), year of the Sheep; ancient Chinese compass point: 210°
- popular custom
- cannot; to fail to; unable to
- see 大化瑤族自治縣|大化瑶族自治县[Da4 hua4 Yao2 zu2 Zi4 zhi4 xian4]
- 苟 Gǒu: 苟 Gou3: surname Gou苟 gǒu: 苟 gou3: (literary) if indeed; (bound form) careless; negligent; (bound form) temporarily
- to have enough food and warm clothes; adequately provided
- to finish; to conclude; completed
- what is meant by the expression ...; what is referred to as ...; (derog.) so-called
- law and order; public security
- next; later; after that
- Xiongnu, a people of the Eastern Steppe who created an empire that flourished around the time of the Qin and Han dynasties
- to violate; to offend; to assault; criminal; crime; to make a mistake; recurrence (of mistake or sth bad)
- 塞 sài: 塞 sai4: (bound form) strategic stronghold塞 sè: 塞 se4: (bound form) to block; to obstruct塞 sāi: 塞 sai1: to plug; to stop up; to stuff in; (bound form) a stopper; a cork
- to invade and harass
- frontier; border
- king of the Xiongnu 匈奴[Xiong1 nu2]
- to penetrate deeply; thorough
- to invade; to plunder; bandit; foe; enemy
- to take over by force; to rob; to plunder; to brush over; to skim; to sweep
- thief; robber; (bound form) traitor; subversive; (bound form) evil; wicked; sly; shifty; devious; (literary) to harm; to injure; (coll.) extremely; insanely; damn (common in NE China and Taiwan)
- to do harm to; to cause trouble to; harm; evil; calamity
- north; (classical) to be defeated
- 地 dì: 地 di4: earth; ground; field; place; land; CL:片[pian4]地 de: 地 de5: -ly; structural particle: used before a verb or adjective, linking it to preceding modifying adverbial adjunct
- military rank
- to kill; to slay; to murder; to attack; to weaken; to reduce; (dialect) to smart; (used after a verb) extremely
- brief; sketchy; outline; summary; to omit; (bound form before a single-character verb) a bit; somewhat; slightly; plan; strategy; to capture (territory)
- minor government official or functionary (old)
- 系 xì: 系 xi4: to connect; to relate to; to tie up; to bind; to be (literary)系 xì: 系 xi4: system; department; faculty系 xì: 系 xi4: to connect; to arrest; to worry系 jì: 系 ji4: to tie; to fasten; to button up
- to expel; to urge on; to drive; to run quickly
- to burn; to cook; to stew; to bake; to roast; to heat; to boil (tea, water etc); fever; to run a temperature; (coll.) to let things go to one's head
- to coalesce; to gather together; to amass
- to wait; to inquire after; to watch; season; climate; (old) period of five days
- 骑 jì: 骑 ji4: (Tw) saddle horse; mounted soldier骑 qí: 骑 qi2: to sit astride; to ride (a horse, bike etc); classifier for saddle horses
- see 甘泉縣|甘泉县[Gan1 quan2 Xian4]
- fire beacon (to give alarm)
- Chang'an (ancient name of Xi'an 西安[Xi1 an1]), capital of several Chinese dynasties from 202 BC to 907 CE; see 長安區|长安区[Chang2 an1 Qu1]
- to shake; to vibrate; to strongly affect; shock; vibration
- none lacking; none missing; everything is there; everyone without exception
- Daihatsu, Japanese car company