- as for; as to; to go so far as to
- before; prior to; ago; previously; beforehand
- therefore; as a result; so; the reason why
- improbable; unlikely; will not (act, happen etc); not able; not having learned to do sth; (coll.) (Tw) don't mention it; not at all
- to follow; to abide by; to comply with
- (literary) hard; firm; strong; exactly; precisely; barely; only just; just; only a short while ago
- stable; steady; firm; to stabilize
- to establish; to set up; to found
- war; hostilities; fighting
- just recently; just a moment ago
- bitter; hardship; pain; to suffer; to bring suffering to; painstakingly
- ought to; should; must
- to seize an opportunity
- Qin Dynasty (221-207 BC)
- politics; political
- to lighten; to ease; to alleviate
- sentence; penalty; punishment
- to lessen; to decrease; to reduce; to lower
- civil case; agricultural affairs; civil
- to yield; to permit; to let sb do sth; to have sb do sth; to make sb (feel sad etc); by (indicates the agent in a passive clause, like 被[bei4])
- ordinary people; the "person in the street"; CL:個|个[ge4]
- to recover; to recuperate
- 欲 yù: 欲 yu4: desire; appetite; passion; lust; greed欲 yù: 欲 yu4: to wish for; to desire
- the self; oneself; self-; (psychology) ego
- to restrain; to control; restraint; self-control
- to clear a wild area for cultivation; to put under the plow
- personally; in person; oneself
- to advise; to encourage
- (literary) farming and sericulture; agricultural production
- to live; life; livelihood
- fundamental; basic; root; simply; absolutely (not); (not) at all; CL:個|个[ge4]
- then; at that time; in those days
- abundant harvest of all food crops; bumper grain harvest
- rich; plentiful
- granary; barn; fig. bread basket (of fertile agricultural land)
- rich; full; substantial; to enrich; to augment; to substantiate (an argument)
- to study; to practice
- highest; greatest; too (much); very; extremely
- to like; fond of; to prefer; to love; one's tastes; preference
- Confucianism
- thus; consequently; as a result
- (bound form) to put in order; to arrange properly; circumspect; well-behaved; to give (sb) an order
- exactly; precisely; only; simply; just; (used correlatively with 也[ye3]) even; even if