- maybe; perhaps; might; possibly; or
- Vertical Alliance, clique of the School of Diplomacy 縱橫家|纵横家[Zong4 heng2 jia1] during the Warring States Period (425-221 BC)
- Zhang Yi (-309 BC), political strategist of the School of Diplomacy 縱橫家|纵横家[Zong4 heng2 jia1] during the Warring States Period (475-221 BC)
- 数 shù: 数 shu4: number; figure; several; a few数 shǔ: 数 shu3: to count; to count as; to regard as; to enumerate; to list数 shùo: 数 shuo4: (literary) frequently; repeatedly
- one; single; a (article); as soon as; entire; whole; all; throughout; "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1); also pr. [yao1] for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit
- 与 yù: 与 yu4: to take part in与 yǔ: 与 yu3: (formal) and; together with (linking parallel nouns, verbs, or phrases); (formal) with; from (marking the other participant in an interaction, comparison, or contrast, e.g. 與他握手|与他握手[yu3 ta1 wo4 shou3] "shake hands with him", 與去年不同|与去年不同[yu3 qu4 nian2 bu4 tong2] "different from last year"); (literary) to give; to grant; to bestow
- the state of Qin, one of the seven states of the Warring States Period (475-220 BC)
- to form an alliance; to ally oneself with; allied with; aligned; to bond with
- to attack; to assault; to go on the offensive; attack; assault; offense (sports)
- other; (sth or sb) else; the rest
- country; nation; state
- cause; reason; because
- to exist; to be alive; (of sb or sth) to be (located) at; (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress)
- the West; the Occident; Western countries
- 同 tòng: 同 tong4: used in 胡同[hu2 tong4]同 tóng: 同 tong2: like; same; similar; together; alike; with同 tòng: 同 tong4: used in 衚衕|胡同[hu2 tong4]
- vertical; north-south (Taiwan pr. [zong1]); from front to back; longitudinal; lengthwise (Taiwan pr. [zong1]); military unit corresponding to an army corps (Taiwan pr. [zong1]); (bound form) to release (a captive); to indulge; to leap up; (literary) even if
- different; distinct; not the same; not alike
- my country; our country
- extant; existent; in stock
- in the style of annals; chronological history, the regular form of the Chinese dynastic histories
- history book
- Confucian school, founded by Confucius 孔子[Kong3 zi3] (551-479 BC) and Mencius 孟子[Meng4 zi3] (c. 372-c. 289 BC)
- to pass on; to hand down; tradition has it that ...; according to legend
- 为 wéi: 为 wei2: as (in the capacity of); to take sth as; to act as; to serve as; to behave as; to become; to be; to do; by (in the passive voice)为 wèi: 为 wei4: because of; for; to
- according to; based on; basis; foundation; CL:個|个[ge4]
- Lu, vassal state at the time of the Zhou Dynasty 周朝|周朝[Zhou1 chao2], located in the southwest of present-day Shandong 山東|山东[Shan1 dong1], birthplace of Confucius
- scribe; court recorder; historian; historiographer
- to weave; to plait; to organize; to group; to arrange; to edit; to compile; to write; to compose; to fabricate; to make up
- to arrange; to tidy up; to sort out; to straighten out; to list systematically; to collate (data, files); to pack (luggage)
- to revise
- 成 Chéng: 成 Cheng2: surname Cheng; short name for Chengdu 成都[Cheng2 du1]成 chéng: 成 cheng2: to succeed; to finish; to complete; to accomplish; to become; to turn into; to be all right; OK!; one tenth
- to write an account (of events)
- (bound form) self; oneself; from; since; naturally; as a matter of course
- 鲁 Lǔ: 鲁 Lu3: surname Lu; Lu, an ancient state of China 魯國|鲁国[Lu3 guo2]; short name for Shandong 山東|山东[Shan1 dong1]鲁 lǔ: 鲁 lu3: (bound form) crass; stupid; rude; (used to represent the sounds of "ru", "lu" etc in loanwords)
- 隐 yǐn: 隐 yin3: (bound form) secret; hidden; concealed; crypto-隐 yìn: 隐 yin4: to lean upon
- CE (Common Era); Christian Era; AD (Anno Domini)
- 年 Nián: 年 Nian2: surname Nian年 nián: 年 nian2: year; CL:個|个[ge4]年 nián: 年 nian2: grain; harvest (old)
- front; forward; ahead; first; top (followed by a number); future; ago; before; BC (e.g. 前293年); former; formerly
- to arrive; most; to; until
- fourteen; 14
- common; general; to share; together; total; altogether; abbr. for 共產黨|共产党[Gong4 chan3 dang3], Communist party
- history; CL:門|门[men2],段[duan4]
- to pass away; to die
- 后 hòu: 后 hou4: empress; queen; (archaic) monarch; ruler后 Hòu: 后 Hou4: surname Hou后 hòu: 后 hou4: back; behind; rear; afterwards; after; later; post-
- right; correct; towards; at; for; concerning; regarding; to treat (sb a certain way); to face; (bound form) opposite; facing; matching; to match together; to adjust; to fit; to suit; to answer; to reply; to add; to pour in (a fluid); to check; to compare; classifier: couple; pair
- explanation; to explain; to interpret; to resolve; CL:個|个[ge4]