- 这 zhè: 这 zhe4: (pronoun) this; these; (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun); (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. [zhei4], esp. in Beijing)这 zhèi: 这 zhei4: (coll.) this
- 种 zhòng: 种 zhong4: to plant; to grow; to cultivate种 zhǒng: 种 zhong3: seed; species; kind; type; classifier for types, kinds, sorts
- 上 shǎng: 上 shang3: used in 上聲|上声[shang3 sheng1]上 shàng: 上 shang4: (bound form) up; upper; above; previous; first (of multiple parts); to climb; to get onto; to go up; to attend (class or university); (directional complement) up; (noun suffix) on; above
- to yield; to permit; to let sb do sth; to have sb do sth; to make sb (feel sad etc); by (indicates the agent in a passive clause, like 被[bei4])
- to cultivate; to train; to groom; training
- plural marker for pronouns, and nouns referring to individuals
- to understand; to know; to comprehend
- etiquette; ceremony
- personally; in person; oneself
- other; (sth or sb) else; the rest
- time; length of time; moment; period
- to go out; to leave home; to go on a journey; away from home; (of a woman) to get married
- how?; what?; why?
- can; may; possible; able to; not bad; pretty good
- to say again; to put off a discussion until later; moreover; what's more; besides
- (formal) to apply; to carry out; to take action to (do sth) (used before a disyllabic verb, indicating that the action is directed at sth previously mentioned, e.g. 加以說明|加以说明[jia1 yi3 shuo1 ming2]); to apply (restrictions etc); to give (support, consideration etc); (literary) moreover; in addition
- to decline (an appointment, invitation etc)
- common people
- why?; for what reason?
- only; just (i.e. it is only that...); all except; unique
- will; shall; to be going to
- unusual; special; very; especially; particularly; expressly; for a specific purpose; (often followed by 是[shi4]) in particular
- preferential treatment; to give preferential treatment
- clansman; clan members; relatives; ethnic minority
- underlayer; lower class; lower strata; substrate
- personnel; human resources; human affairs; ways of the world; (euphemism) sexuality; the facts of life
- (intransitive) to change; to vary; change; variation
- 不了 bù le: 不了 bu4 le5: no thanks (used to politely but informally decline)不了 bù liǎo: 不了 bu4 liao3: (as a resultative verb suffix) unable to (do sth); (pattern: {verb} + 個|个[ge5] + ~) without end; incessantly
- 过去 gùo qù: 过去 guo4 qu4: (in the) past; former; previous; to go over; to pass by过去 gùo qu: 过去 guo4 qu5: (verb suffix)
- plain; simple; guileless; down-to-earth; sincere and honest
- genuine; honest and sincere
- son
- vehicles and horses
- therefore; as a result; so; the reason why
- to call it...; known as...
- same; like; equal to; the same as; just like
- chancellor (of a monarchy); cabinet minister
- don't tell me ...; could it be that...?
- (after a suppositional clause) in that case; then; (after a clause of action) as soon as; immediately after; (same as 就是[jiu4 shi4]) merely; nothing else but; simply; just; precisely; exactly; only; as little as; as much as; as many as; to approach; to move towards; to undertake; to engage in; (often followed by 著|着[zhe5]) taking advantage of; (of food) to go with; with regard to; concerning; (bound form) to reach; to attain (as in 一蹴而就[yi1 cu4 er2 jiu4]); (pattern: 就[jiu4] ... 也[ye3] ...) even if ... still ...; (pattern: 不[bu4] ... 就[jiu4] ...) if not ... then must be ...
- 吗 mǎ: 吗 ma3: used in 嗎啡|吗啡[ma3 fei1]吗 ma: 吗 ma5: (question particle for "yes-no" questions)吗 má: 吗 ma2: (coll.) what?
- need not
- down; downwards; below; lower; later; next (week etc); second (of two parts); to decline; to go down; to arrive at (a decision, conclusion etc); measure word to show the frequency of an action
- attempting nothing and accomplishing nothing (idiom); without any initiative or drive; feckless
- in confusion or disorder; in a confused state of mind; disorder; upheaval; riot; illicit sexual relations; to throw into disorder; to mix up; indiscriminate; random; arbitrary
- by good fortune; luckily
- to run away; to escape
- guilt
- (not only ...) but also; moreover; in addition; furthermore