- disaster; misfortune; calamity
- to be compelled; to be forced
- to kill oneself; to commit suicide; to attempt suicide
- ancient times
- genre of writing; literary form; style; literary recreation and sporting activities
- 给 jǐ: 给 ji3: to supply; to provide给 gěi: 给 gei3: to; for; for the benefit of; to give; to allow; to do sth (for sb); (grammatical equivalent of 被); (grammatical equivalent of 把); (sentence intensifier)
- senior official; senior officer; commanding officer; CL:位[wei4]; sir (term of address for senior officer)
- 的 dī: 的 di1: a taxi; a cab (abbr. for 的士[di1 shi4])的 dì: 的 di4: (bound form) bull's-eye; target的 dí: 的 di2: really and truly的 de: 的 de5: of; ~'s (possessive particle); (used after an attribute when it modifies a noun); (used at the end of a declarative sentence for emphasis); (used after a noun, verb or adjective to form a nominal expression, as in 皮革的[pi2 ge2 de5] "one made of leather" or 跑堂兒的|跑堂儿的[pao3 tang2 r5 de5] "a waiter (literally, one who runs back and forth in a restaurant)" or 新的[xin1 de5] "new one"); also pr. [di4] or [di5] in poetry and songs
- extensive
- (bound form) thing; (literary) the outside world as distinct from oneself; people other than oneself
- seventeen; 17
- 托 tūo: 托 tuo1: to hold up in one's hand; to support with one's palm; sth serving as a support: a prop, a rest (e.g. arm rest); (bound form) a shill; torr (unit of pressure)托 tūo: 托 tuo1: to trust; to entrust; to be entrusted with; to act as trustee
- 传 chuán: 传 chuan2: to pass on; to spread; to transmit; to infect; to transfer; to circulate; to conduct (electricity)传 zhuàn: 传 zhuan4: biography; historical narrative; commentaries; relay station
- to visit (a superior)
- to guard; to defend; to keep watch; to abide by the law; to observe (rules or ritual); nearby; adjoining
- mistake; error; to miss; to harm; to delay; to neglect; mistakenly
- discourse; words; utterance; what one says; manner of speech
- during; at the time of
- (bound form) root; stem; (bound form) origin; source; (bound form) one's own; this; (bound form) this; the current (year etc); (bound form) original; (bound form) inherent; originally; initially; capital; principal; classifier for books, periodicals, files etc
- sovereign king
- 居 jī: 居 ji1: (archaic) sentence-final particle expressing a doubting attitude居 jū: 居 ju1: to reside; to be (in a certain position); to store up; to be at a standstill; residence; house; restaurant; classifier for bedrooms居 Jū: 居 Ju1: surname Ju
- 处 chǔ: 处 chu3: to reside; to live; to dwell; to be in; to be situated at; to stay; to get along with; to be in a position of; to deal with; to discipline; to punish处 chù: 处 chu4: (bound form) place; locality; (bound form) part; aspect; (bound form) office; department; bureau; classifier for locations: spot, point
- words; speech; to say; to talk
- right; correct; towards; at; for; concerning; regarding; to treat (sb a certain way); to face; (bound form) opposite; facing; matching; to match together; to adjust; to fit; to suit; to answer; to reply; to add; to pour in (a fluid); to check; to compare; classifier: couple; pair
- (of sb) to express; to state; to show; (of sth) to indicate; to signify; to show; expression; manifestation
- to revere; to admire; to honor; to venerate
- History of Eastern Han (later Han), third of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], composed by Fan Ye 范曄|范晔[Fan4 Ye4] in 445 during Song of the Southern Dynasties 南朝宋[Nan2 chao2 Song4], 120 scrolls
- 作 zūo: 作 zuo1: (bound form) worker; (bound form) workshop; (slang) troublesome; high-maintenance (person)作 zùo: 作 zuo4: to do; to engage in; to write; to compose; to pretend; to feign; to regard as; to consider to be; to be; to act the part of; to feel (itchy, nauseous etc); writings; works
- A Mirror for the Wise Ruler (or Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Government), a vast chronological general history, written by 司馬光|司马光[Si1 ma3 Guang1] Sima Guang (1019-1089) and collaborators during the Northern Song in 1084, covering the period 403 BC-959 AD, 294 scrolls
- 载 zǎi: 载 zai3: to record in writing; to carry (i.e. publish in a newspaper etc); Taiwan pr. [zai4]; year载 zài: 载 zai4: to carry; to convey; to load; to hold; to fill up; and; also; as well as; simultaneously
- 同 tóng: 同 tong2: like; same; similar; together; alike; with同 tòng: 同 tong4: used in 胡同[hu2 tong4]同 tòng: 同 tong4: used in 衚衕|胡同[hu2 tong4]
- 注 zhù: 注 zhu4: (bound form) to pour into; to flow into; to inject; (bound form) to focus (one's spirit, gaze etc) on a single point; to concentrate; (bound form) stake (in gambling); classifier for stakes, sums of money, transactions or beams of light注 zhù: 注 zhu4: to annotate; to provide explanatory notes on a written text; an annotation; an explanatory note; (bound form) to put on record; to register
- 朝 cháo: 朝 chao2: imperial or royal court; government; dynasty; reign of a sovereign or emperor; court or assembly held by a sovereign or emperor; to make a pilgrimage to; facing; towards朝 zhāo: 朝 zhao1: morning朝 Cháo: 朝 Chao2: abbr. for 朝鮮|朝鲜[Chao2 xian3] Korea
- to arrange; to line up; file; series; (in data tables) column; (Tw) row
- to speak; to say; to talk; to gossip; to tell stories; talk; word
- slow in one's reactions; sluggish (in movement or thought)
- language; CL:門|门[men2],種|种[zhong3]
- difficult; hard; challenging
- a cicada in cold weather (used as a metaphor for sb who keeps their thoughts to themself); Meimuna opalifera, a kind of cicada found in East Asia
- to reach; to arrive; to leave for; to go to; to (a place); until (a time); up to (a point); (verb complement indicating arriving at a place or reaching a point); considerate; thoughtful; thorough
- autumn; CL:個|个[ge4]
- cold (climate); frigid; very cold
- (after a suppositional clause) in that case; then; (after a clause of action) as soon as; immediately after; (same as 就是[jiu4 shi4]) merely; nothing else but; simply; just; precisely; exactly; only; as little as; as much as; as many as; to approach; to move towards; to undertake; to engage in; (often followed by 著|着[zhe5]) taking advantage of; (of food) to go with; with regard to; concerning; (bound form) to reach; to attain (as in 一蹴而就[yi1 cu4 er2 jiu4]); (pattern: 就[jiu4] ... 也[ye3] ...) even if ... still ...; (pattern: 不[bu4] ... 就[jiu4] ...) if not ... then must be ...