- 上 shǎng: 上 shang3: used in 上聲|上声[shang3 sheng1]上 shàng: 上 shang4: (bound form) up; upper; above; previous; first (of multiple parts); to climb; to get onto; to go up; to attend (class or university); (directional complement) up; (noun suffix) on; above
- expansion; dilation; to expand (e.g. one's power or influence); to broaden
- to expand; to enlarge; to broaden one's scope
- 地 dì: 地 di4: earth; ground; field; place; land; CL:片[pian4]地 de: 地 de5: -ly; structural particle: used before a verb or adjective, linking it to preceding modifying adverbial adjunct
- 官 guān: 官 guan1: government official; governmental; official; public; organ of the body; CL:個|个[ge4]官 Guān: 官 Guan1: surname Guan
- person; people; CL:個|个[ge4],位[wei4],名[ming2]
- name; noun (part of speech); place (e.g. among winners); famous; classifier for people
- namely; that is; i.e.; prompt; at once; at present; even if; prompted (by the occasion); to approach; to come into contact; to assume (office); to draw near
- large drum
- 通 tōng: 通 tong1: to go through; to know well; (suffix) expert; to connect; to communicate; open; to clear; classifier for letters, telegrams, phone calls etc通 tòng: 通 tong4: classifier for an activity, taken in its entirety (tirade of abuse, stint of music playing, bout of drinking etc)
- forced labor; corvée; obligatory task; military service; to use as servant; to enserf; servant (old); war; campaign; battle
- matter; thing; item; work; affair; CL:件[jian4],樁|桩[zhuang1],回[hui2]
- 长 cháng: 长 chang2: long; (bound form) length; (bound form) strong point; forte; (bound form) to be good at; (literary) surplus; spare (Taiwan pr. [zhang4])长 zhǎng: 长 zhang3: chief; head; elder; to grow; to develop; to increase; to enhance
- measure of length, ten Chinese feet (3.3 m); to measure; husband; polite appellation for an older male
- lamb
- Shijing, the Book of Songs, early collection of Chinese poems and one of the Five Classics of Confucianism 五經|五经[Wu3 jing1]
- name of a feudal state
- wind; news; style; custom; manner; CL:陣|阵[zhen4],絲|丝[si1]
- sophisticated; advanced (technology etc); meritorious; exemplary (deeds etc)
- 季 Jì: 季 Ji4: surname Ji季 jì: 季 ji4: season; the last month of a season; fourth or youngest amongst brothers; classifier for seasonal crop yields
- 氏 shì: 氏 shi4: (bound form) family name; surname (as in 王氏[Wang2 shi4] "the Wang clan"); (bound form) maiden name; née (as in 李王氏[Li3 Wang2 shi4] "Mrs. Li, née Wang"); (bound form) honorific suffix added to the surname or full name of a notable person, esp. historical or scholarly figures氏 zhī: 氏 zhi1: used in 月氏[Yue4 zhi1]; used in 閼氏|阏氏[yan1 zhi1]
- to be full of; to be rich in
- 周 zhōu: 周 zhou1: to make a circuit; to circle; circle; circumference; lap; cycle; complete; all; all over; thorough; to help financially周 Zhōu: 周 Zhou1: surname Zhou; Zhou Dynasty (1046–256 BC)周 zhōu: 周 zhou1: week; weekly
- public; collectively owned; common; international (e.g. high seas, metric system, calendar); make public; fair; just; Duke, highest of five orders of nobility 五等爵位[wu3 deng3 jue2 wei4]; honorable (gentlemen); father-in-law; male (animal)
- to seek; to look for; to request; to demand; to beseech
- 为 wéi: 为 wei2: as (in the capacity of); to take sth as; to act as; to serve as; to behave as; to become; to be; to do; by (in the passive voice)为 wèi: 为 wei4: because of; for; to
- to accumulate; to gather; to amass wealth by heavy taxation or other unscrupulous means; (science) convergent
- to add; to attach; to be close to; to be attached
- 益 Yì: 益 Yi4: surname Yi益 yì: 益 yi4: benefit; profit; advantage; beneficial; to increase; to add; all the more
- 子 zi: 子 zi5: noun suffix, as in 椅子[yi3 zi5] "chair"子 zǐ: 子 zi3: son; child; seed; egg; small thing; 1st earthly branch: 11 p.m.–1 a.m., midnight, 11th solar month (7th December to 5th January), year of the rat; viscount, fourth of five orders of nobility 五等爵位[wu3 deng3 jue2 wei4]; ancient Chinese compass point: 0° (north); subsidiary; subordinate; (prefix) sub-
- to speak; to say
- 非 Fēi: 非 Fei1: abbr. for 非洲[Fei1 zhou1], Africa非 fēi: 非 fei1: to not be; not; wrong; incorrect; non-; un-; in-; de-; to reproach; to blame; (coll.) to insist on; simply must
- 吾 wú: 吾 wu2: (old) I; my吾 Wú: 吾 Wu2: surname Wu
- 徒 Tú: 徒 Tu2: surname Tu徒 tú: 徒 tu2: (bound form) disciple; apprentice; believer; (derog.) wrongdoer (as in 騙徒|骗徒[pian4 tu2] "swindler" or 叛徒[pan4 tu2] "traitor" etc); (bound form) on foot; (bound form) bare; empty; (bound form) to no avail; in vain; (bound form) merely; just; only; (bound form) prison sentence
- translated text
- 说 shūo: 说 shuo1: to speak; to talk; to say; to explain; to comment; to scold; to tell off; (bound form) theory; doctrine说 shùi: 说 shui4: to persuade
- to use; to make use of; to employ; (coverb) with; using; to need; to have to (usu. used in the negative or in questions); usefulness; utility; (bound form) expense; outlay; (courteous) to eat; to drink; (literary) hence; therefore
- to come; (used as a substitute for a more specific verb); hither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker, as in 回來|回来[hui2 lai5]); ever since (as in 自古以來|自古以来[zi4 gu3 yi3 lai2]); for the past (amount of time); (prefix) the coming ...; the next ... (as in 來世|来世[lai2 shi4]); (between two verbs) in order to; (after a round number) approximately; (used after 得[de2] to indicate possibility, as in 談得來|谈得来[tan2 de5 lai2], or after 不[bu4] to indicate impossibility, as in 吃不來|吃不来[chi1 bu5 lai2])
- to urge (an activity that may be beneficial, harmful or neutral); to encourage; to agitate; to instigate; to incite; to beat; to flap (wings, a fan etc)
- they; them
- to imitate; to follow the example of
- 它 tā: 它 ta1: it它 tā: 它 ta1: it (pronoun for an animal)
- no; not so; (bound form) not; un-
- to know; to become aware of; also pr. [zhi1dao5]
- to be (followed by substantives only); correct; right; true; (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well; (adverb for emphatic assertion)
- to make; to manufacture