- namely; that is; i.e.; prompt; at once; at present; even if; prompted (by the occasion); to approach; to come into contact; to assume (office); to draw near
- quilt; to cover (with); (literary) to suffer (a misfortune); used to indicate passive voice (placed before the doer of the action like "by" in English passive-voice sentences, or, if the doer is not mentioned, before the verb); (since c. 2009) (sarcastic or jocular) used to indicate that the following word should be regarded as being in air quotes (as in 被旅遊|被旅游[bei4 lu : 3 you2] to "go on a trip")
- Han Chinese person or people
- to be called; to be known as; to call it "..."
- 外传 wài chuán: 外传 wai4 chuan2: to tell others (a secret); to divulge to an outsider; to be rumored外传 wài zhuàn: 外传 wai4 zhuan4: unofficial biography (as opposed to official dynastic biography)
- Records of the Grand Historian, by 司馬遷|司马迁[Si1 ma3 Qian1], first of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3]
- Sima Qian (145-86 BC), Han Dynasty historian, author of Records of the Grand Historian 史記|史记[Shi3 ji4], known as the father of Chinese historiography
- 写 xiě: 写 xie3: to write写 xiè: 写 xie4: used in 寫意|写意[xie4 yi4]
- history book
- to exist; to be alive; (of sb or sth) to be (located) at; (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress)
- Han dynasty (206 BC-220 AD); refers to the Western Han and Eastern Han
- period; phase; CL:個|个[ge4]
- person; people; CL:個|个[ge4],位[wei4],名[ming2]
- maybe; perhaps; might; possibly; or
- 书 Shū: 书 Shu1: abbr. for 書經|书经[Shu1 jing1]书 shū: 书 shu1: book; letter; document; CL:本[ben3],冊|册[ce4],部[bu4]; to write
- to enter; to go into; to join; to become a member of; (bound form) to conform to (as in 入時|入时[ru4 shi2]); abbr. for 入聲|入声[ru4 sheng1]; (on product packaging, after {number n} + {classifier}) containing (n pieces) (from Japanese 入 "iri")
- 魏 Wèi: 魏 Wei4: surname Wei; name of a vassal state of the Zhou dynasty from 661 BC in Shanxi, one of the Seven Hero Warring States; Wei state, founded by Cao Cao 曹操[Cao2 Cao1], one of the Three Kingdoms after the Han dynasty; the Wei dynasty 221–265; Wei Prefecture or Wei County at various times in history魏 wèi: 魏 wei4: tower over a palace gateway (old)
- after; later; afterwards; following; later on; in the future
- ability; talent; sb of a certain type; a capable individual; then and only then; just now; (before an expression of quantity) only; (emphatic, esp. in contrast or correction) really; actually
- to become; to turn into
- for a particular person, occasion, purpose; focused on one thing; special; expert; particular (to sth); concentrated; specialized
- 称 chēng: 称 cheng1: to weigh; to state; to name; name; appellation; to praise称 chèn: 称 chen4: to fit; to match; to suit; (coll.) to have; to possess; Taiwan pr. [cheng4]
- legend; folk tale; to repeat from mouth to mouth; they say that...
- 中 Zhōng: 中 Zhong1: (bound form) China; Chinese; surname Zhong中 zhòng: 中 zhong4: to hit (a target); to be struck by (a bullet, illness etc); to win (a prize or lottery)中 zhōng: 中 zhong1: within; among; in; middle; center; while (doing sth); during; (dialect) OK; all right
- the Chinese nation; the Chinese people (collective reference to all the ethnic groups in China)
- primogenitor; founder of a school or trade
- family name; surname; to be surnamed ...
- two-character surname Gongsun
- 后 hòu: 后 hou4: empress; queen; (archaic) monarch; ruler后 Hòu: 后 Hou4: surname Hou后 hòu: 后 hou4: back; behind; rear; afterwards; after; later; post-
- 姬 Jī: 姬 Ji1: surname Ji; family name of the royal family of the Zhou Dynasty 周代[Zhou1 dai4] (1046–256 BC)姬 jī: 姬 ji1: woman; concubine; female entertainer (archaic)
- 号 háo: 号 hao2: (bound form) to wail; to howl号 hào: 号 hao4: (literary) to call out; to command; (bound form) bugle; trumpet; (bound form) signal; bugle call (e.g. 起床號|起床号[qi3 chuang2 hao4]); (bound form) mark; sign; to mark; to label; to assign a number; (bound form) name; appellation (e.g. 國號|国号[guo2 hao4], 年號|年号[nian2 hao4], 遼寧號|辽宁号[Liao2 ning2 Hao4]); (after a numeral) number designation (e.g. 237號房間|237号房间[er4 san1 qi1 hao4 fang2 jian1] "Room 237"); day of the month (e.g. 七號|七号[qi1 hao4] "the 7th"); (bound form) size; type; category (e.g. 五號電池|五号电池[wu3 hao4 dian4 chi2]); (TCM) to feel (the pulse) (used in 號脈|号脉[hao4 mai4]); classifier for numbered people or items
- alternative name for the Yellow Emperor 黃帝|黄帝
- to have; there is; (bound form) having; with; -ful; -ed; -al (as in 有意[you3 yi4] intentional)
- 土 Tǔ: 土 Tu3: surname Tu; Tu ethnic group土 tǔ: 土 tu3: earth; dust; clay; local; indigenous; crude opium; unsophisticated; one of the eight categories of ancient musical instruments 八音[ba1 yin1]
- 德 Dé: 德 De2: Germany; German; abbr. for 德國|德国[De2 guo2]德 dé: 德 de2: virtue; goodness; morality; ethics; kindness; favor; character; kind
- (possessive particle, literary equivalent of 的[de5]); him; her; it
- lucky; auspicious; propitious; rayl (acoustical unit)
- happening; instance; reason; cause; intentional; former; old; friend; therefore; hence; (of people) to die, dead
- 高阳 Gāo Yáng: 高阳 Gao1 Yang2: Gao Yang (1926-1992), Taiwanese historical novelist高阳 Gāo yáng: 高阳 Gao1 yang2: see 高陽縣|高阳县[Gao1 yang2 Xian4]
- 氏 zhī: 氏 zhi1: used in 月氏[Yue4 zhi1]; used in 閼氏|阏氏[yan1 zhi1]氏 shì: 氏 shi4: (bound form) family name; surname (as in 王氏[Wang2 shi4] "the Wang clan"); (bound form) maiden name; née (as in 李王氏[Li3 Wang2 shi4] "Mrs. Li, née Wang"); (bound form) honorific suffix added to the surname or full name of a notable person, esp. historical or scholarly figures
- 孙 Sūn: 孙 Sun1: surname Sun孙 sūn: 孙 sun1: grandson; descendant
- 昌 chāng: 昌 chang1: (bound form) prosperous; flourishing昌 Chāng: 昌 Chang1: surname Chang
- (bound form) idea; thought; meaning; sense; (bound form) intention; feeling; inclination; state of mind; (bound form) Italy (abbr. for 意大利[Yi4 da4 li4])
- 子 zǐ: 子 zi3: son; child; seed; egg; small thing; 1st earthly branch: 11 p.m.–1 a.m., midnight, 11th solar month (7th December to 5th January), year of the rat; viscount, fourth of five orders of nobility 五等爵位[wu3 deng3 jue2 wei4]; ancient Chinese compass point: 0° (north); subsidiary; subordinate; (prefix) sub-子 zi: 子 zi5: noun suffix, as in 椅子[yi3 zi5] "chair"
- to continue; to follow after; to go on with; to succeed; to inherit; then; afterwards
- after; behind; (at the beginning of a sentence) afterwards; since then
- to declare oneself emperor; to win the best actor award
- afterwards; later; newly arrived
- 夏 xià: 夏 xia4: summer夏 Xià: 夏 Xia4: the Xia or Hsia dynasty c. 2000 BC; Xia of the Sixteen Kingdoms (407–432); surname Xia