- 剡 yǎn: 剡 yan3: sharp剡 shàn: 剡 shan4: river in Zhejiang
- his; her; its; their; that; such; it (refers to sth preceding it)
- 上 shǎng: 上 shang3: used in 上聲|上声[shang3 sheng1]上 shàng: 上 shang4: (bound form) up; upper; above; previous; first (of multiple parts); to climb; to get onto; to go up; to attend (class or university); (directional complement) up; (noun suffix) on; above
- 孔 kǒng: 孔 kong3: hole; CL:個|个[ge4]; classifier for cave dwellings孔 Kǒng: 孔 Kong3: surname Kong
- 通 tōng: 通 tong1: to go through; to know well; (suffix) expert; to connect; to communicate; open; to clear; classifier for letters, telegrams, phone calls etc通 tòng: 通 tong4: classifier for an activity, taken in its entirety (tirade of abuse, stint of music playing, bout of drinking etc)
- 洞 tóng: 洞 tong2: used in 洪洞[Hong2 tong2] (the name of a place in Shanxi)洞 dòng: 洞 dong4: cave; hole; zero (unambiguous spoken form when spelling out numbers); CL:個|个[ge4]
- material; timber; ability; aptitude; a capable individual; coffin (old)
- 以 yǐ: 以 yi3: to use; by means of; according to; in order to; because of; at (a certain date or place)以 Yǐ: 以 Yi3: abbr. for Israel 以色列[Yi3 se4 lie4]
- 当 dāng: 当 dang1: (onom.) dong; ding dong (bell)当 dāng: 当 dang1: to be; to act as; manage; withstand; when; during; ought; should; match equally; equal; same; obstruct; just at (a time or place); on the spot; right; just at当 dàng: 当 dang4: at or in the very same...; suitable; adequate; fitting; proper; to replace; to regard as; to think; to pawn; (coll.) to fail (a student)
- 便 pián: 便 pian2: used in 便宜[pian2 yi5]; used in 便便[pian2 pian2]; used in 便嬛[pian2 xuan1]便 biàn: 便 bian4: plain; informal; suitable; convenient; opportune; to urinate or defecate; equivalent to 就[jiu4]: then; in that case; even if; soon afterwards
- 易 yì: 易 yi4: easy; amiable; to change; to exchange; prefix corresponding to the English adjective suffix "-able" or "-ible"易 Yì: 易 Yi4: surname Yi; I Ching; Book of Changes (abbr. for 易經|易经[Yi4 jing1])
- to hold; to grasp; to support; to maintain; to persevere; to manage; to run (i.e. administer); to control
- 京 Jīng: 京 Jing1: surname Jing; short name for Beijing 北京[Bei3 jing1]; Gin or Jing, ethnic minority of China, descendants of ethnic Vietnamese people living mainly in Guangxi; Kinh, the ethnic majority in Vietnam京 jīng: 京 jing1: capital city of a country; big; algebraic term for a large number (old); artificial mound (old)
- monarch; lord; gentleman; ruler
- 明 míng: 明 ming2: bright; opposite: dark 暗[an4]; (of meaning) clear; to understand; next; public or open; wise; generic term for a sacrifice to the gods明 Míng: 明 Ming2: Ming Dynasty (1368–1644); surname Ming; Ming (c. 2000 BC), fourth of the legendary Flame Emperors, 炎帝[Yan2 di4] descended from Shennong 神農|神农[Shen2 nong2] Farmer God
- worthy or virtuous person; honorific used for a person of the same or a younger generation
- 识 zhì: 识 zhi4: to record; to write a footnote识 shí: 识 shi2: to know; knowledge; Taiwan pr. [shi4]
- tuning; temperament; music
- happening; instance; reason; cause; intentional; former; old; friend; therefore; hence; (of people) to die, dead
- (bound form) root; stem; (bound form) origin; source; (bound form) one's own; this; (bound form) this; the current (year etc); (bound form) original; (bound form) inherent; originally; initially; capital; principal; classifier for books, periodicals, files etc
- (formal) to apply; to carry out; to take action to (do sth) (used before a disyllabic verb, indicating that the action is directed at sth previously mentioned, e.g. 加以說明|加以说明[jia1 yi3 shuo1 ming2]); to apply (restrictions etc); to give (support, consideration etc); (literary) moreover; in addition
- one; single; a (article); as soon as; entire; whole; all; throughout; "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1); also pr. [yao1] for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit
- 加 jiā: 加 jia1: to add; (math.) plus; to increase; to augment; (used before a disyllabic verb, often after an adverb like 不[bu4], 大[da4], 稍[shao1] etc, to indicate that the action applies to sth previously mentioned, as in 稍加改良[shao1 jia1 gai3 liang2] "make some minor improvements to (it)")加 Jiā: 加 Jia1: Canada (abbr. for 加拿大[Jia1 na2 da4]); surname Jia
- 后 Hòu: 后 Hou4: surname Hou后 hòu: 后 hou4: empress; queen; (archaic) monarch; ruler后 hòu: 后 hou4: back; behind; rear; afterwards; after; later; post-
- to go out; to come out; to arise; to occur; to produce; to yield; to go beyond; to exceed; (used after a verb to indicate an outward direction or a positive result); classifier for dramas, plays, operas etc
- to be (followed by substantives only); correct; right; true; (respectful acknowledgement of a command) very well; (adverb for emphatic assertion)
- 谓 Wèi: 谓 Wei4: surname Wei谓 wèi: 谓 wei4: to speak; to say; to name; to designate; meaning; sense
- 商 Shāng: 商 Shang1: Shang Dynasty (c. 1600–1046 BC); surname Shang商 shāng: 商 shang1: commerce; merchant; dealer; to consult; 2nd note in pentatonic scale; quotient (as in 智商[zhi4 shang1], intelligence quotient)
- sound; voice; tone; noise; reputation; classifier for sounds
- five notes of pentatonic scale, roughly do, re, mi, sol, la; five classes of initial consonants of Chinese phonetics, namely: 喉音[hou2 yin1], 牙音[ya2 yin1], 舌音[she2 yin1], 齒音|齿音[chi3 yin1], 唇音[chun2 yin1]
- 毕 Bì: 毕 Bi4: surname Bi毕 bì: 毕 bi4: the whole of; to finish; to complete; complete; full; finished
- to annotate; to add a comment; explanatory note; annotation
- History of Song of the Southern Dynasties 南朝宋[Nan2 chao2 Song4] or Liu Song 劉宋|刘宋[Liu2 Song4], sixth of the 24 dynastic histories 二十四史[Er4 shi2 si4 Shi3], compiled by Shen Yue 沈約|沈约[Shen3 Yue1] in 488 during Liang of the Southern Dynasties 南朝梁[Nan2 chao2 Liang2], 100 scrolls; (not to be confused with 宋史[Song4 shi3])
- 乐 lè: 乐 le4: happy; cheerful; to laugh乐 Lè: 乐 Le4: surname Le乐 Yuè: 乐 Yue4: surname Yue乐 lào: 乐 lao4: used in place names乐 yuè: 乐 yue4: music
- 志 zhì: 志 zhi4: aspiration; ambition; the will志 zhì: 志 zhi4: sign; mark; to record; to write a footnote
- (legal) case; incident; record; file; table
- (Western) concert flute
- this; these
- device; tool; utensil; CL:臺|台[tai2]
- due to; to stem from
- 中 zhōng: 中 zhong1: within; among; in; middle; center; while (doing sth); during; (dialect) OK; all right中 Zhōng: 中 Zhong1: (bound form) China; Chinese; surname Zhong中 zhòng: 中 zhong4: to hit (a target); to be struck by (a bullet, illness etc); to win (a prize or lottery)
- (bound form) to prepare; to equip; (literary) fully; completely
- also known as
- work; worker; skill; profession; trade; craft; labor
- matter; thing; item; work; affair; CL:件[jian4],樁|桩[zhuang1],回[hui2]
- no; not so; (bound form) not; un-
- words; speech; to say; to talk