- cause; reason; because
- illness; CL:場|场[chang2]; disease; to fall ill; defect
- to resign a government post
- to educate; to bring up; to nurture; upbringing; breeding; culture
- Imperial scholar from the Ming Dynasty onwards
- disciple; follower
- 卢 Lú: 卢 Lu2: surname Lu; abbr. for Luxembourg 盧森堡|卢森堡[Lu2 sen1 bao3]卢 lú: 卢 lu2: (old) rice vessel; black; (slang) (Tw) troublesome; fussy
- to plant
- Zheng Xuan (127-200), late Han scholar
- all; each and every; in all cases
- 为 wéi: 为 wei2: as (in the capacity of); to take sth as; to act as; to serve as; to behave as; to become; to be; to do; by (in the passive voice)为 wèi: 为 wei4: because of; for; to
- an era; an age; a generation
- scholar; Confucian
- old language; the Classics; Classical Chinese as a literary model, esp. in Tang and Song prose; Classical Chinese as a school subject
- study of the Confucian classics
- great master; master
- to exist; to be alive; (of sb or sth) to be (located) at; (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress)
- bamboo; CL:棵[ke1],根[gen1]
- on top of; above-mentioned; also pr. [shang4 mian5]
- 削 xuē: 削 xue1: to pare; to reduce; to remove; Taiwan pr. [xue4]削 xiāo: 削 xiao1: to peel with a knife; to pare; to cut (a ball at tennis etc)
- 刮 guā: 刮 gua1: to scrape; to blow; to shave; to plunder; to extort刮 guā: 刮 gua1: to blow (of the wind)
- horsewhip
- canton; county; region
- to stop; to pause; to arrange; to lay out; to kowtow; to stamp (one's foot); at once; classifier for meals, beatings, scoldings etc: time, bout, spell, meal
- see 河南省[He2 nan2 Sheng3]; see 河南蒙古族自治縣|河南蒙古族自治县[He2 nan2 Meng2 gu3 zu2 Zi4 zhi4 xian4]
- Xun County or Xunxian, a county in Hebi City 鶴壁市|鹤壁市[He4 bi4 Shi4], Henan
- north; (classical) to be defeated
- to calculate; to reckon; to extrapolate (in calculation)
- 律 Lǜ: 律 Lu:4: surname Lü律 lǜ: 律 lu:4: law
- and; as well as; and so; but (not); yet (not); (indicates causal relation); (indicates change of state); (indicates contrast)
- to grind; study; research
- to rule; to govern; to manage; to control; to harness (a river); to treat (a disease); to wipe out (a pest); to punish; to research
- I Ching; Book of Changes
- to be adept in; to excel at
- catastrophe; cataclysmic change
- 著 zhāo: 著 zhao1: a move in chess (Taiwan pr. [zhuo2]); trick; tactic; (dialect) okay; all right; (dialect) to put in; to add著 zháo: 著 zhao2: to touch; to come in contact with; to feel; to be affected by; to catch fire; to burn; (coll.) to fall asleep; (after a verb) hitting the mark; succeeding in著 zhe: 著 zhe5: aspect particle indicating action in progress or ongoing state著 zhúo: 著 zhuo2: to wear (clothes); to contact; to use; to apply著 zhù: 著 zhu4: to make known; to show; to prove; to write; book; outstanding著 zhúo: 著 zhuo2: used in 執著|执著[zhi2 zhuo2]
- Yi Zhuan, commentary on the "Book of Changes" or "I Ching" 易經|易经[Yi4 jing1]
- 西 Xī: 西 Xi1: the West; abbr. for Spain 西班牙[Xi1 ban1 ya2]; Spanish西 xī: 西 xi1: west
- Yuan Emperor, reign name of Han Dynasty emperor Liu Shi 劉奭|刘奭[Liu2 Shi4], (74-33 BC), reigned 48-33 BC
- 时 shí: 时 shi2: o'clock; time; when; hour; season; period时 Shí: 时 Shi2: surname Shi
- 曾 zēng: 曾 zeng1: great- (grandfather, grandchild etc)曾 céng: 曾 ceng2: once; already; ever (in the past); former; previously; (past tense marker used before verb or clause)曾 Zēng: 曾 Zeng1: surname Zeng
- to play music; to achieve; to present a memorial to the emperor (old)
- 行 héng: 行 heng2: used in 道行[dao4 heng2]行 xíng: 行 xing2: (bound form) to walk; to go; to travel; (literary) trip; journey; visit; (bound form) temporary; makeshift; (bound form) current; in circulation; (bound form) to do; to perform; capable; competent; all right; OK!; will do; behavior; conduct (Taiwan pr. [xing4]); (literary) about to; soon行 háng: 行 hang2: (bound form) row; line; (bound form) line of business; trade; profession; (bound form) commercial firm; (bound form) to rank (first, second etc) among one's siblings (by age); (in data tables) row; (Tw) column; classifier for rows or lines
- 考 kǎo: 考 kao3: to beat; to hit; to inspect; to test; to take an exam考 kǎo: 考 kao3: to check; to verify; to test; to examine; to take an exam; to take an entrance exam for; deceased father
- homework; assignment; task; classwork; lesson; study; CL:門|门[men2]
- minor government official or functionary (old)