- 陈 Chén: 陈 Chen2: surname Chen; Chen (c. 1045 – 479 BC), a Zhou dynasty state; Chen (557–589), one of the Southern Dynasties 南朝[Nan2 Chao2]陈 chén: 陈 chen2: (bound form) to lay out; to exhibit; to display; (bound form) to narrate; to state; to explain; to tell; old; stale
- surname Cai
- to arrive; most; to; until
- but; yet; however; still; merely; only; just
- (third-person singular) (since the early 20th century, usu. male) he; him; his; (bound form) other; another; some other (as in 他日[ta1 ri4] and 他人[ta1 ren2])
- to sing to a string accompaniment; education (a reference to teaching the people Confucian values by means of song in ancient times)
- unceasing; uninterrupted; continuous; constant
- end; finish
- 立 lì: 立 li4: to stand; to set up; to establish; to lay down; to draw up; at once; immediately立 Lì: 立 Li4: surname Li
- raw silk; white; plain, unadorned; vegetarian (food); essence; nature; element; constituent; usually; always; ever
- 王 Wáng: 王 Wang2: surname Wang王 wáng: 王 wang2: king or monarch; best or strongest of its type; grand; great王 wàng: 王 wang4: (literary) (of a monarch) to reign over (a kingdom)
- 法 Fǎ: 法 Fa3: France; French; abbr. for 法國|法国[Fa3 guo2]; Taiwan pr. [Fa4]法 fǎ: 法 fa3: law; method; way; to emulate; (Buddhism) dharma; (abbr. for 法家[Fa3 jia1]) the Legalists; (physics) farad (abbr. for 法拉[fa3 la1])法 fǎ: 法 fa3: law
- to exist; to be alive; (of sb or sth) to be (located) at; (used before a verb to indicate an action in progress)
- 这 zhèi: 这 zhei4: (coll.) this这 zhè: 这 zhe4: (pronoun) this; these; (bound form) this; the (followed by a noun); (bound form) this; these (followed by a classifier) (in this sense, commonly pr. [zhei4], esp. in Beijing)
- one; single; a (article); as soon as; entire; whole; all; throughout; "one" radical in Chinese characters (Kangxi radical 1); also pr. [yao1] for greater clarity when spelling out numbers digit by digit
- model; typical case; archetype; typical; representative
- under; beneath; less than
- 应 yìng: 应 ying4: to answer; to respond; to comply with; to deal or cope with应 yīng: 应 ying1: to agree (to do sth); should; ought to; must; (legal) shall应 Yīng: 应 Ying1: surname Ying; Taiwan pr. [Ying4]
- 劭 Shào: 劭 Shao4: surname Shao劭 shào: 劭 shao4: stimulate to effort
- in a row; in succession; running
- a list; to list; to enumerate
- 了 liǎo: 了 liao3: to finish; (used with 得[de2] or 不[bu4] after a verb to express (im)possibility, as in 忘不了[wang4 bu5 liao3] "cannot forget"); (literary) (usually followed by a negative such as 無|无[wu2] or 不[bu4]) completely (not); entirely (not); (not) in the least了 le: 了 le5: (completed action marker); (modal particle indicating change of state, situation now); (modal particle intensifying preceding clause)了 liǎo: 了 liao3: (of eyes) bright; clear-sighted; to understand clearly
- Xunzi, (c. 310-237 BC), Confucian philosopher; the Xunzi, a collection of philosophical writings attributed to Xunzi
- 虞 yú: 虞 yu2: (literary) to expect; to anticipate; (literary) to be concerned about; to be apprehensive; (literary) to deceive; to dupe虞 Yú: 虞 Yu2: surname Yu
- high ranking official (old); term of endearment between spouses (old); (from the Tang Dynasty onwards) term used by the emperor for his subjects (old); honorific (old)
- Lord Menchang of Qi, Chancellor of Qi and of Wei during the Warring States Period (475-221 BC)
- Han Xin (-196 BC), famous general of first Han emperor Liu Bang 劉邦|刘邦[Liu2 Bang1]
- Li Guang (-119 BC), Han dynasty general, nicknamed Flying General 飛將軍|飞将军 and much feared by the Xiongnu 匈奴
- to wait for; to await; by the time; when; till; and so on; etc.; et al.; (bound form) class; rank; grade; (bound form) equal to; same as; (used to end an enumeration); (literary) (plural suffix attached to a personal pronoun or noun)
- notable deeds; exploits
- apart from; besides; in addition to (used to exclude, as in 除了他，誰也沒來|除了他，谁也没来[chu2 le5 ta1 , shei2 ye3 mei2 lai2] "apart from him, nobody came", or to include, as in 除了英語，他也會法語|除了英语，他也会法语[chu2 le5 Ying1 yu3 , ta1 ye3 hui4 Fa3 yu3] "in addition to English, he also knows French"); (used to introduce one of two habitual alternatives in the pattern 除了[chu2 le5] + A + 就是[jiu4 shi4] + B, "either A or B")
- quilt; to cover (with); (literary) to suffer (a misfortune); used to indicate passive voice (placed before the doer of the action like "by" in English passive-voice sentences, or, if the doer is not mentioned, before the verb); (since c. 2009) (sarcastic or jocular) used to indicate that the following word should be regarded as being in air quotes (as in 被旅遊|被旅游[bei4 lu : 3 you2] to "go on a trip")
- 强 jiàng: 强 jiang4: stubborn; unyielding强 Qiáng: 强 Qiang2: surname Qiang强 qiáng: 强 qiang2: strong; powerful; better; slightly more than; vigorous; violent; best in their category, e.g. see 百強|百强[bai3 qiang2]强 qiǎng: 强 qiang3: to force; to compel; to strive; to make an effort
- surname Qin; Qin dynasty (221–207 BC) of the first emperor 秦始皇[Qin2 Shi3 huang2]; short name for 陝西|陕西[Shan3 xi1]
- 逼 bī: 逼 bi1: to compel; to pressure逼 bī: 逼 bi1: to force (sb to do sth); to compel; to press for; to extort; to press on towards; to press up to; to close in on
- final; ultimate
- outside; excluding
- other; (sth or sb) else; the rest
- land under heaven; the whole world; the whole of China; realm; rule
- these
- time; length of time; moment; period
- unusual; special; very; especially; particularly; expressly; for a specific purpose; (often followed by 是[shi4]) in particular
- to regard as important; to value
- environs; surroundings; periphery
- right; correct; towards; at; for; concerning; regarding; to treat (sb a certain way); to face; (bound form) opposite; facing; matching; to match together; to adjust; to fit; to suit; to answer; to reply; to add; to pour in (a fluid); to check; to compare; classifier: couple; pair
- they; them