- to arrive; most; to; until
- frost and snow; (fig.) snowy white (hair); adversity
- 降 jiàng: 降 jiang4: to drop; to fall; to come down; to descend降 xiáng: 降 xiang2: to surrender; to capitulate; to subdue; to conquer; to tame
- to know; to be aware
- 桓 huán: 桓 huan2: Chinese soapberry (Sapindus mukurossi); big; pillar (old)桓 Huán: 桓 Huan2: surname Huan
- public; collectively owned; common; international (e.g. high seas, metric system, calendar); make public; fair; just; Duke, highest of five orders of nobility 五等爵位[wu3 deng3 jue2 wei4]; honorable (gentlemen); father-in-law; male (animal)
- 得 dè: 得 de4: used in 得瑟[de4 se5]得 děi: 得 dei3: to have to; must; ought to; to need to得 de: 得 de5: structural particle: used after a verb (or adjective as main verb), linking it to following phrase indicating effect, degree, possibility etc得 dé: 得 de2: to obtain; to get; to gain; to catch (a disease); proper; suitable; proud; contented; to allow; to permit; ready; finished
- 莒 Jǔ: 莒 Ju3: Zhou Dynasty vassal state in modern day Shandong Province莒 jǔ: 莒 ju3: alternative name for taro (old)
- Duke Wen of Jin (697-628 BC, reigned 636-628 BC), one of the Five Hegemons 春秋五霸[Chun1 qiu1 Wu3 ba4]
- 曹 cáo: 曹 cao2: class or grade; generation; plaintiff and defendant (old); government department (old)曹 Cáo: 曹 Cao2: surname Cao; Zhou Dynasty vassal state
- 越 Yuè: 越 Yue4: generic word for peoples or states of south China or south Asia at different historical periods; abbr. for Vietnam 越南越 yuè: 越 yue4: to exceed; to climb over; to surpass; the more... the more
- 会 kuài: 会 kuai4: (bound form) to reckon accounts会 hùi: 会 hui4: can; to have the skill; to know how to; to be likely to; to be sure to; to meet; to get together; meeting; gathering; (suffix) union; group; association; (bound form) a moment (Taiwan pr. [hui3])
- 稽 Jī: 稽 Ji1: surname Ji稽 jī: 稽 ji1: (bound form) to examine; to check (against records); (literary) to delay; to linger; (literary) to dispute; to argue稽 qǐ: 稽 qi3: to bow to the ground
- 幸 xìng: 幸 xing4: trusted; intimate; (of the emperor) to visit幸 Xìng: 幸 Xing4: surname Xing幸 xìng: 幸 xing4: fortunate; lucky
- to defend oneself; self-defense
- contrary; in reverse; inside out or upside down; to reverse; to return; to oppose; opposite; against; anti-; to rebel; to use analogy; instead; abbr. for 反切[fan3 qie4] phonetic system
- to delete
- 诗 Shī: 诗 Shi1: abbr. for Shijing 詩經|诗经[Shi1 jing1], the Book of Songs诗 shī: 诗 shi1: poem; CL:首[shou3]; poetry; verse
- 书 Shū: 书 Shu1: abbr. for 書經|书经[Shu1 jing1]书 shū: 书 shu1: book; letter; document; CL:本[ben3],冊|册[ce4],部[bu4]; to write
- to fix; to set; to make definite; to subscribe to (a newspaper etc); to book (tickets etc); to order (goods etc); to congeal; to coagulate; (literary) definitely
- 礼 Lǐ: 礼 Li3: surname Li; abbr. for 禮記|礼记[Li3 ji4], Classic of Rites礼 lǐ: 礼 li3: gift; rite; ceremony; CL:份[fen4]; propriety; etiquette; courtesy
- 乐 yuè: 乐 yue4: music乐 Lè: 乐 Le4: surname Le乐 Yuè: 乐 Yue4: surname Yue乐 lào: 乐 lao4: used in place names乐 lè: 乐 le4: happy; cheerful; to laugh
- 制 zhì: 制 zhi4: system; to control; to regulate制 zhì: 制 zhi4: to manufacture; to make
- 春秋 Chūn qīu: 春秋 Chun1 qiu1: Spring and Autumn Period (770-476 BC); Spring and Autumn Annals, chronicle of Lu State (722-481 BC)春秋 chūn qīu: 春秋 chun1 qiu1: spring and autumn; four seasons; year; a person's age; annals (used in book titles)
- 义 yì: 义 yi4: justice; righteousness; meaning; foster (father etc); adopted; artificial (tooth, limb etc); relationship; friendship义 Yì: 义 Yi4: surname Yi; (Tw) Italy (abbr. for 義大利|义大利[Yi4 da4 li4])
- 著 zháo: 著 zhao2: to touch; to come in contact with; to feel; to be affected by; to catch fire; to burn; (coll.) to fall asleep; (after a verb) hitting the mark; succeeding in著 zhāo: 著 zhao1: a move in chess (Taiwan pr. [zhuo2]); trick; tactic; (dialect) okay; all right; (dialect) to put in; to add著 zhe: 著 zhe5: aspect particle indicating action in progress or ongoing state著 zhúo: 著 zhuo2: to wear (clothes); to contact; to use; to apply著 zhù: 著 zhu4: to make known; to show; to prove; to write; book; outstanding著 zhúo: 著 zhuo2: used in 執著|执著[zhi2 zhuo2]
- raw silk; white; plain, unadorned; vegetarian (food); essence; nature; element; constituent; usually; always; ever
- 王 wàng: 王 wang4: (literary) (of a monarch) to reign over (a kingdom)王 wáng: 王 wang2: king or monarch; best or strongest of its type; grand; great王 Wáng: 王 Wang2: surname Wang
- 法 fǎ: 法 fa3: law; method; way; to emulate; (Buddhism) dharma; (abbr. for 法家[Fa3 jia1]) the Legalists; (physics) farad (abbr. for 法拉[fa3 la1])法 Fǎ: 法 Fa3: France; French; abbr. for 法國|法国[Fa3 guo2]; Taiwan pr. [Fa4]法 fǎ: 法 fa3: law
- 相 xiāng: 相 xiang1: each other; one another; mutually; fret on the neck of a pipa 琵琶[pi2 pa5] (a fret on the soundboard is called a 品[pin3])相 xiàng: 相 xiang4: appearance; portrait; picture; government minister; (physics) phase; (literary) to appraise (esp. by scrutinizing physical features); to read sb's fortune (by physiognomy, palmistry etc)相 Xiāng: 相 Xiang1: surname Xiang
- 夹 jiā: 夹 jia1: to press from either side; to place in between; to sandwich; to carry sth under armpit; wedged between; between; to intersperse; to mix; to mingle; clip; folder; Taiwan pr. [jia2]夹 gā: 夹 ga1: used in 夾肢窩|夹肢窝[ga1 zhi5 wo1]夹 jiá: 夹 jia2: double-layered (quilt); lined (garment)夹 jià: 夹 jia4: Taiwan pr. used in 夾生|夹生[jia1 sheng1] and 夾竹桃|夹竹桃[jia1 zhu2 tao2]
- 谷 gǔ: 谷 gu3: grain; corn谷 Gǔ: 谷 Gu3: surname Gu谷 gǔ: 谷 gu3: valley
- bright; clear; manifest; to show clearly
- old; opposite: new 新; former; worn (with age)
- 正 zhèng: 正 zheng4: straight; upright; proper; main; principal; to correct; to rectify; exactly; just (at that time); right (in that place); (math.) positive正 zhēng: 正 zheng1: first month of the lunar year
- to resist; to fight; to defy; anti-
- to resign; to dismiss; to decline; (literary) to take leave; (archaic poetic genre) ballad
- to resist; to repel; to refuse
- to insult; to ridicule; to disgrace
- 齐 Qí: 齐 Qi2: (name of states and dynasties at several different periods); surname Qi齐 qí: 齐 qi2: neat; even; level with; identical; simultaneous; all together; to even sth out
- person; people; CL:個|个[ge4],位[wei4],名[ming2]
- 谢 Xiè: 谢 Xie4: surname Xie谢 xiè: 谢 xie4: to thank; (bound form) to apologize; (bound form) to decline; to refuse; (bound form) (of flowers, leaves etc) to wither
- 过 Gūo: 过 Guo1: surname Guo过 gùo: 过 guo4: to cross; to go over; to pass (time); to celebrate (a holiday); to live; to get along; excessively; too-过 guo: 过 guo5: (experienced action marker)
- to come; (used as a substitute for a more specific verb); hither (directional complement for motion toward the speaker, as in 回來|回来[hui2 lai5]); ever since (as in 自古以來|自古以来[zi4 gu3 yi3 lai2]); for the past (amount of time); (prefix) the coming ...; the next ... (as in 來世|来世[lai2 shi4]); (between two verbs) in order to; (after a round number) approximately; (used after 得[de2] to indicate possibility, as in 談得來|谈得来[tan2 de5 lai2], or after 不[bu4] to indicate impossibility, as in 吃不來|吃不来[chi1 bu5 lai2])
- 归 gūi: 归 gui1: to return; to go back to; to give back to; (of a responsibility) to be taken care of by; to belong to; to gather together; (used between two identical verbs) despite; to marry (of a woman) (old); division on the abacus with a one-digit divisor归 Gūi: 归 Gui1: surname Gui
- used in 鄆城|郓城[Yun4 cheng2] (the name of a place in Shandong)
- 龟 qīu: 龟 qiu1: used in 龜茲|龟兹[Qiu1 ci2]龟 gūi: 龟 gui1: tortoise; turtle; (coll.) cuckold
- 阴 yīn: 阴 yin1: overcast (weather); cloudy; shady; Yin (the negative principle of Yin and Yang); negative (electric.); feminine; moon; implicit; hidden; genitalia阴 Yīn: 阴 Yin1: surname Yin